照明效果及照度标准在设计中的应用

现代电气照明是一门技术与艺术相结合的学科。照明设计作为照明技术成果的体现,是完成各种照明设施的手段,它不仅涉及照明理论,光源研究、照明器研制、建筑设计及色彩调配、灯光分布等工程内容,更强调照明生理学及照明心理学。故在设计中应力求达到上述要求,并注意整体效果及艺术效果。     

A trait-based characterization of cover plants to assess their potential to provide a set of ecological services in banana cropping systems

Cover plants are one of the means to increase the functional biodiversity of fields and to enhance the ecological functions of the communities. However, the design of cropping systems including cover plants relies largely on expert knowledge. There is a lack of methods to select the best suited cover plants according to their role in the agrosystem. We propose to use functional traits to select cover plants suited to sustain ecological services in the banana agrosystems of the French West Indies. Our objectives were (i) to characterize a collection of cover plants on a trait basis, according to their potential to provide the services expected in a banana agrosystem and (ii) to discuss the potential use of this characterization for the design of innovative multi-species banana cropping systems. In these systems, four main services are targeted, i.e. controlling weeds, controlling plant-parasitic nematodes, improving soil fertility and particularly N availability, and avoiding competition with banana for resource acquisition. Three experiments were conducted, under field and controlled conditions, to evaluate the potential of a collection of 28 tropical cover plants to achieve the functions related to these services. For each cover plant, a functional profile was constructed from a combination of plant traits that are easy to assess experimentally. It described plants’ potential to achieve the functions expected in a banana agrosystem. Functional profiles required for cover plant usages were also identified. The comparison of the plant functional profiles and the functional profiles required for their usages enabled us to select the best suited plants for each usage. However, these functional profiles rarely corresponded, meaning that a cover plant is rarely sufficient to achieve all the functions required for a usage. Functional complementarities obtained by the mixture of different species of cover plants are thus often required. Compared to classical approaches of innovative cropping system design based on the experimental testing of spatial and temporal plant combinations, such a trait-based approach saves time by focusing on a shortlist of cover plants best suited according to their functions in the agrosystem.     

乡镇图书馆(室)要加强对农村读者的服务

本文通过对农村读者的调研 ,提出了农村读者读书难 ,以及他们对具体书刊的需求。着重要求乡镇图书馆加强对农村读者的服务 ,提高农村读者的文化素质。并针对实际提出解决问题的服务对策。     

用户需求与信息服务的变革与发展

本文通过对用户需求的个性化分析，指出了个性化信息服务产生的必然性；从而对网络环境下图书馆个性化信息服务进行了论述，探讨了图书馆的个性化信息服务实现的措施及对图书馆馆员的要求。     

Aanalysis on Teachers＇ Professional Characteristics and the Stage of Development

有关教师的专业性,目前已经取得了教育学界的认同。但每个阶段教师的专业特性有所不同,文章以基础教育阶段教师为例,结合教师专业发展阶段,从教师知识的关注维度、教学方法的运用、文本成果的表达三个层面来分析不同发展阶段教师的专业基准。一方面,对教师专业性的界别给予更恰切的表征,另一方面,使教师都能够在各自专业发展的路径上顺利提升。     

云南省核桃产业发展现状及对策分析

核桃产业是云南省高原特色现代农业的重点产业和脱贫攻坚的支撑产业。分析云南省核桃产业发展现状,结果表明:云南省核桃产业发展较快,但存在粗放式经营管理,资金和技术投入不足,市场销售、质量标准和社会化服务体系不完善,深加工能力不足等诸多问题。在此基础上提出向集约化经营管理转变,加大资金与技术投入,完善云南省核桃地方标准体系,加强市场销售网络体系建设,加大核桃加工龙头企业扶持力度,建立健全社会化服务体系等核桃产业发展对策。     

图书馆业务外包发展的再探讨

随着社会化、信息化的发展,图书馆业务外包的层次不断深入、范围不断扩大,甚至出现图书馆整体外包的现象。这对图书馆的服务、管理、事业发展都带来了巨大的影响。文章主要针对这一发展趋势进行深入的分析讨论,并提出对策。     

芋优异种质资源鉴定评价研究

对农业行业标准《农作物种质资源鉴定评价规范芋》编制的技术路线进行了分析研究,以期为芋优异种质资源的鉴定评价提供参考。     

对水灾害治理标准规律的初步认识

水灾害治理标准是在一定的自然、社会经济和历史条件下的产物,并随着社会经济条件的变化而变化;同时,在一定的社会经济条件下具有暂时性和阶段性。水灾害治理标准发生作用的大小受人类活动干预程度的影响。水灾害治理标准具有可测性,通过对水灾害治理标准影响因素的统计或预测,可以有效地把握其发展变化趋势。认识并遵循水灾害治理标准的规律,对于正确制定水灾害治理标准,最大限度地发挥其作用具有积极意义。     

走出高校图书馆读者服务的误区

检视高校图书馆读者服务工作的不足之处 ,目的在于统一认识 ,促进图书馆更好的为读者服务。