食用菌特异性血清的研究

本文介绍了一项新的研究，即用食用菌血清做食用菌分类。本研究成功地生产了两种抗体。其一是香菇抗体，另一是平菇抗体。经琼扩试验验证了它们的准确性。以此推断，此成果不仅可准确地为食用菌分类，而且还可以制成某种毒菇的抗毒素用于毒菇中毒的治疗。1供试菌株香菇7402，平菇P10。2制法（略）3检测方法为了检测血清中抗体的存在及其特异性，编号：平菇P10为1号血清，香菇7402为2号血清。抗原编号：平菇P10制成的抗原为1号抗原，与自家血清（1号血清）和2号血清进行琼扩如下图：说明：1一原：1号原倍血清；1－2：1号2倍血清；2－原：2…     

BRL饲细胞及血清浓度对体外小鼠精原干细胞的影响

分别以大鼠肝细胞(BRL)或小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(STO)为饲养层．采用含5％、10％及20％胎牛血清的培养液，培养6日龄小鼠生精上皮细胞，研究饲养层和血清浓度对精原干细胞生物学行为的影响。结果表明：在培养的第1周内，2个及4个连成串的精原细胞合胞体数量明显增加，同时大多数精原细胞逐渐退化。培养1周后，大多数精原细胞经短暂的存活及分裂活动后退化消失，培养体系中仅保留下少量单个及由细胞间桥相连的双个及4个成串或成团的A型精原细胞。这些细胞在随后的培养过程中，不表现明显的分裂活动，呈圆球形，表达碱性磷酸酶。不同条件培养体系中的精原细胞及精原干细胞的生物学行为无明显不同，培养20～30d时均有少量精原干细胞存活。这说明BRL细胞能用作饲养层促进精原干细胞存活，但对其更新性增殖没有明显作用；培养液中高浓度胎牛血清对精原干细胞存活和增殖无明显影响，但能促进睾丸体细胞增殖。     

人血清中伊氏锥虫溶虫活性因子的鉴定

将伊氏锥虫在体外与人血清一起培养，虫体出现渐进性水肿，由蝌蚪形变成环形，最后崩解。将人血清注入感染鼠体内，可以清除体内虫体，使感染鼠得到保护。人血清对接种１０３个锥虫感染鼠的最小保护剂量为０．２ｍＬ，感染后５ｄ注入人血清，血中虫体数量逐日下降，至第１０天全部消失。对体外伊氏锥虫不同变异株，人血清均有同样的溶虫效果。经ＤＥＡＥ层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００过滤后，人血清中只有富ＩｇＭ的Ｆ－１有溶虫活性，而富ＩｇＧ的Ｆ－２和富ＨＤＬ的Ｆ－３均无溶虫活性，表明人血清对伊氏锥虫的溶虫活性与ＩｇＭ类天然抗体有关。另外，去补体的人血清体外溶虫活性明显减弱，而体内保护仍然有效。     

陕西仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性测定

从陕西十县市24个大小猪场(户)腹泻仔猪病例采集186份病料中,分离并鉴定出68株致病性大肠杆菌,通过14种大肠杆菌O抗原单因子血清鉴定,证明有13种血清型(尚有1株未定型)存在,其中以O139,O101、O149,O141,O60为优势血清型,占定型菌株的71.6%。选用16种常用抗生素对32株地方代表菌株做耐药性试验:结果表明对丁胺卡那霉素、诺氟沙星、新霉素高敏,林可霉素、头孢唑啉和麦地霉素等中敏,氧氟沙星、先锋霉素和链霉素等药物产生耐药;同时从高、中敏区向中敏区和低敏区过渡的趋势明显。这一结果为该省做到有效防治提供了依据。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对鹅生产性能及养分代谢率的影响

选取2 8日龄、体重相近的合浦灰鹅6 0只,随机分为3组,每组2 0只(1 0公,1 0母),饲粮(精料)粗蛋白质(CP)分别为12.50%(第1组),15.80%(第2组)和17.83%(第3组)。采用精料 青料(黑麦草等)混合方式饲喂,进行两阶段为期42 d的饲养试验。5周龄和9周龄时从饲养试验3个组中各选取4只体重接近的试鹅,测定鹅对饲粮(精料 青料)养分的代谢率。结果表明:(1)生长前期(28~49日龄),第2组日增重较高,但组间差异不显著;饲粮粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、半纤维素和无氮浸出物(NFE)的代谢率显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。(2)生长后期(50~70日龄)第1组日增重较高,但组间差异不显著;干物质(DM)、CP、EE的代谢率显著高于其他两组(P<0.05);粗纤维(CF)代谢率显著高于第2组(P<0.05)而与第3组无显著差异。(3)血清尿素氮含量随饲粮CP水平的降低而下降(P<0.05);血清转氨酶活性、脂类和脂蛋白含量等组间无显著差异;(4)饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鹅屠宰性能无显著影响。     

胎牛血清对猪体外受精卵早期发育的影响

采用猪卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和受精卵体外培养技术，探讨了胎牛血清对猪体外受精卵早期发育的影响。结果表明：在猪体外受精卵体外培养的第1天添加胎牛血清可增强早期胚胎发育能力，随着添加时间的延迟，胎牛血清的效果逐渐下降，添加胎牛血清的时间决定了其对猪体外受精卵体外发育的影响。     

Serum iron concentration is candidate inflammatory marker for respiratory diseases in beef cows

We hypothesized that the serum iron (Fe) concentration in cows with respiratory diseases is a satisfactory substitute for major inflammatory markers such as haptoglobin (HPT) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Twenty Japanese Black cows aged 279.6 ± 120.0 days were enrolled, and divided into respiratory diseases and control groups based on the presence of clinical findings of respiratory diseases. As a result, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for plasma HPT, SAA and serum Fe concentrations for respiratory disease-associated systemic inflammation were excellent, at 1.00, 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Therefore we confirmed that the serum Fe concentration is a satisfactory substitute for HPT and SAA in beef cows with respiratory diseases.     

γ-聚谷氨酸对断奶犊牛血清生化指标的影响

[目的] 研究γ-聚谷氨酸对断奶犊牛血清生化指标的影响。[方法] 将体重相近的荷斯坦断奶犊牛16头,按同质原则分为对照组和试验组,每组8头。两组犊牛每天每头饲喂3 kg颗粒饲料,玉米秸秆随意采食。试验组颗粒饲料中按照千分之五的比例加入γ-聚谷氨酸（膏状液体,含量为20%）。试验时间70 d,预试期10 d,正试期60 d。在试验最后一天采集血液样品测定血清生化指标。[结果] 对照组犊牛血清中IgG、IgA和IgM含量显著（P<0.05）高于试验组;对照组犊牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性显著（P< 0.05）高于试验组;两组AST与ALT活性差异不显著（P>0.05）;对照组和试验组犊牛血清中TP、ALB、BUN、NEFA、GLU、Ca、P、Fe、Zn含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,试验组断奶犊牛血清中Cu、VA和VC含量显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。[结论] ①γ-聚谷氨酸会降低断奶犊牛血清中免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM、IgA）的含量;②γ-聚谷氨酸有提高断奶犊牛机体抗氧化能力的可能;③γ-聚谷氨酸可能会促进断奶犊牛对Cu、VA和VC的吸收与利用;④γ-聚谷氨酸未对断奶犊牛肝脏功能、能量代谢、能量平衡、蛋白质利用产生负面影响。     

Influence of mastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) on bone and fat metabolism

Mastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) is a common disease in post-partum sows and has a negative effect on sows’ longevity as well as on sows’ and piglets’ health. MMA leads to an inflammatory state. The aim was to investigate the impact of MMA on bone and fat metabolism. The hypothesis was that it is possible to predict MMA by measuring ketone bodies and bone markers. Blood samples from 175 sows were taken within 72 hr after farrowing. Serum was analysed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)-D), serum crosslaps (CTX-I), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), triglycerides (TG), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and haptoglobin. Spontaneous urine was collected, and pH value was measured in addition to Ca and P. A proximate analysis of the sows’ diets was performed. Age, litter size, body condition score (BCS) and clinical signs of MMA were recorded for each sow. A multivariable logistic regression was undertaken with disease status (MMA or healthy) as the dependent variable. Significance was accepted at p < .05. MMA sows had a poorer BCS (p < .001) in relation to healthy sows. Age and number of piglets did not differ. MMA sows showed increased serum CTX-I (p = .004) and decreased serum OC (p < .001). Concentrations of P (p = .007), activity of ALP (p = .002) and BHB (p = .019) as well as TNF-α (p < .001) and haptoglobin (p = .048) concentrations were increased in MMA sows. No difference in urinary pH value between MMA and healthy sows was found. Our results are in accordance with the known fact that sows are in an extreme catabolic state peripartum. Bone metabolism in MMA sows is much more negatively affected than in healthy sows post-partum, due to inflammatory processes shown by higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines.