Effects of soybean meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth,serum biochemistry and morphological condition of liver and distal intestine of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

This study evaluated the suitability of commercially produced fermented soybean meal (FSBM) known as PepSoyGen?, in a plant‐based diet for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus fingerlings. An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0, 206, 309 and 410 g/kg FSBM, replacing approximately 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% SBM (designated as Basal, FSBM 50, FSBM 75 and FSBM 100, respectively) on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemistry and morphological condition of liver and distal intestine of Florida pompano. There were no significant differences in final mean weight, percentage weight gain, thermal unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio in all treatments. For serum biochemistry analysis, there were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, plasma alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in all treatments. Cellular infiltration, presence of goblet cells and the width of lamina propria in the distal intestine were partly improved in fish fed FSBM 75 and 100 compared to the fish fed FSBM 50 and basal diet. Glycogen granulation, inflammation and nuclear change condition in the liver of pompano were better as the inclusion of fermented product increased. Results of this study indicate that FSBM can be utilized as an alternative protein source and microbial fermentation process could improve the functional properties of SBM.     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长和甲状腺激素水平的影响

分别用0%(对照组)、4%、8%和12%玉米蛋白粉替代饲料中0%、33.33%、66.67%和100%的鱼粉配制4种等氮、等能的试验饲料,在室内循环养殖系统中饲养初始体质量为(13.68±1.77)g异育银鲫60d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长的影响,同时以15d为采样间隔研究鱼体血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)含量的变化。结果表明:对照组与8%替代组的饲料系数无显著差异,且均显著低于4%和12%替代组;玉米蛋白粉对异育银鲫生长无显著影响;饲养30到60d对血清中T3含量无显著影响,而15d对照组血清中T3含量显著高于其余各替代组;30d时4%和8%替代组血清中T4含量与对照组无显著差异,而12%替代组显著低于对照组,而60d时与对照组无显著差异;60d时,各组鱼体的生长与T3、T4含量变化趋势相同。在本实验条件下,玉米蛋白粉在异育银鲫饲料中的适宜用量为4%～8%,对鱼粉的适宜替代量为33.33%～66.67%。     

饲料中DHA/EPA值对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血清生理指标的影响

为研究饲料DHA/EPA值对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生理指标的影响,实验配制等氮、等能的5种不同DHA/EPA值(0.64、0.97、1.18、1.59和1.91)的饲料,每个比值设3个重复,饲养周期56 d。结果显示:(1)随着饲料DHA/EPA值的升高,星斑川鲽幼鱼增重率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率均呈先上升后下降的趋势(P0.05)。当饲料DHA/EPA值为0.97~1.59时实验鱼增重最快,饲料效率最高。蛋白质效率则在DHA/EPA值为0.97~1.18时达到最高。蛋白质沉积率(protein retention efficiency,PRE)与饲料DHA/EPA值呈显著二次回归关系(y=-1.589 5x2+2.858 3x+45.184;R2=0.910 8,x=饲料DHA/EPA值,y=PRE),当饲料DHA/EPA值大于0.90时呈下降趋势。肝体比呈先下降后小幅回升的趋势(P0.05),在饲料DHA/EPA值为1.18时达到最低,为2.85%,脾脏指数呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),于饲料DHA/EPA值为1.59组最高(0.12%);(2)肝脏粗脂肪含量随饲料DHA/EPA值的增加呈明显下降趋势(P0.05),且在饲料DHA/EPA值为1.18时降到最低,为8.60%,而后又显著上升,但仍显著低于饲料DHA/EPA值为0.64时的水平(13.44%)。二次回归分析(y=5.199 6x2-15.652x+20.866;R2=0.634 8,x=饲料DHA/EPA值,y=肝脏脂肪含量)显示,当饲料中DHA/EPA值为1.51时肝脏脂肪含量最低。脂肪酸分析结果显示,随着饲料DHA/EPA值的升高,肝脏及肌肉中EPA含量均呈线性下降趋势(P0.05),而DHA含量及DHA/EPA均呈直线上升趋势(P0.05)。肝脏和肌肉组织n-3 HUFA总量不受饲料处理的影响(P0.05);(3)血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量在饲料DHA/EPA值为1.59时显著高于其他各组(P0.05),白蛋白在饲料DHA/EPA值为0.64、0.97和1.59水平最高。溶菌酶(LSZ)活性在饲料DHA/EPA值为1.18时达到峰值(P0.05),为2.76μg/mL。谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在饲料DHA/EPA值1.91时无显著变化,而当饲料DHA/EPA1.18时,血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性提高了65%左右。研究表明,在本实验条件下,以增重率为参考指标,采用二次回归(y=-31.066x2+77.26x+76.541;R2=0.957 4,x=饲料DHA/EPA值,y=增重率)分析可得,当饲料脂肪水平为8.3%,n-3 HUFA含量为0.74%时,星斑川鲽幼鱼[初始体质量(31.70±0.12)g]对DHA/EPA值的最适需要量应为1.24。     

饲料中添加复方中药对小鼠血液生理生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响

选取120只昆明种小鼠随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ 4个组,每组30只(雌雄各半),Ⅰ组为常规饲喂对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组饲料中分别添加比例为0.75%、1.00%和1.50%的复方中药进行试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验第3周,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏用指数显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01);在第1、3周时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血液总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)升高,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组胆固醇(CHO)和甘油三酯(TG)均显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组小鼠血液中间细胞(MID)和淋巴细胞(LYM)也显著增加(P<0.05)。因此,在饲料中添加复方中药饲喂小鼠能促进免疫器官发育,并在一定程度上提高其机体免疫力。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

不同菜粕水平对草鱼生长、血清生化指标和毒素残留的影响

为考察不同菜粕水平（0～50．0％）对草鱼生长、饲料利用、血清生化指标和毒素残留的影响。对不同体重的草鱼（初始平均体重约5．0g和18．7g）分别进行了8周的饲养试验,结果表明：随着菜粕水平的升高,不同体重的草鱼增重率、特定生长率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率均有所下降,但在0、10．0％、20．0％和30．0％组没有显著差异;草鱼（初始平均体重约5．0g）肌肉和肝脏中硫代葡萄糖甙、嚷唑烷硫酮和异硫氰酸盐的含量随饲料中菜粕水平的升高而升高;不同菜粕水平对草鱼（初始平均体重约18．7g）血清中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶／谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白／球蛋白、尿素氮、血糖、肌肝、B和T3／T4均无显著影响,而对T4和T3＋T4有显著影响,并且对肝脏细胞有不同程度的损害。通过两个试验的研究认为草鱼幼鱼饲料中菜籽粕用量以少于30．0％为宜。     

前花青素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清抗氧化、免疫及生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加前花青素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清抗氧化、免疫及生化指标的影响。选取平均23日龄的断奶仔猪120头,随机分成4组(对照组及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组),每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100和150 mg/kg前花青素。试验预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪平均日增重显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01);各试验组仔猪腹泻率均极显著降低(P0.01),且试验Ⅱ组腹泻率最低。2)与对照组相比,各试验组血清总抗氧化能力显著提高(P0.05),其中试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P0.05);各试验组血清丙二醛含量显著降低、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P0.05),且3组间差异不显著(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G和补体3含量显著提高(P0.05);各试验组血清补体4含量显著提高(P0.05),且3个试验组间差异不显著(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,各试验组血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清白蛋白含量极显著提高(P0.01),其他血清生化指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加前花青素可提高仔猪的日增重,降低腹泻率,改善血清抗氧化能力并提高免疫力,添加量以100 mg/kg为宜。     

陶瓷复合膜分离工艺生产新生牛血清的研究

【目的】探索一次性过滤截留新生牛血清中细菌、霉菌、支原体等微生物及免疫球蛋白的工艺技术,为新生牛血清规模生产提供技术支撑。【方法】采用陶瓷复合膜分离生产新生牛血清,经细菌、支原体、牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）抗体、细菌内毒素等微生物及免疫球蛋白检测,并进行新生牛血清产品细胞培养试验。【结果】陶瓷复合膜能一次性成功截留新生牛血清中的细菌、支原体、细菌内毒素、BVDV抗体,过滤后细菌内毒素含量低于0.1EU/mL,免疫球蛋白去除率在97.00%以上;以其培养SP2/0细胞的细胞倍增时间、单克隆效率等指标接近于进口Hyclone胎血牛清水平。【结论】采用陶瓷复合膜分离工艺生产新生牛血清,实现了一次性有效过滤截留牛血清中细菌、霉菌、支原体等微生物及免疫球蛋白的目标,且能够满足细胞生长的营养需求,为大批量生产优质新生牛血清产品奠定了基础。     

白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响.选取60头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为4组(每组15头),分别饲喂在代乳粉中添加0(C组)、15(A1组)、30(A2组)和45 mg/d(A3组)白头翁皂苷B4的饲粮.试验期56 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期42 d.每2周空腹称重、测量体尺,每日记录...     

免疫比浊法测定动物血清中免疫球蛋白的研究

免疫比浊法是把光浊度测定原理应用到抗原抗体反应上来用以确定抗原的量,其具有快速、准确、简便等优点。本文简要介绍免疫比浊法及其原理,初步探讨了其用于测定动物血清中免疫球蛋白的方法。