农业网站评价方法与评价指标体系研究

互联网技术的迅速发展推动了科技的进步与信息的迅速传播,农业网站利用现代技术服务"三农"、推动产业升级,是现代农业发展的重要体现和重要标志。通过对当前农业网站建设情况的分析,结合农业行业特点,总结了开展农业网站评价的方法与原则,提出了一套适合农业网站的评价指标体系,为农业网站建设提供参考。     

莱茵鹅15项血清生化指标的测定及分析

为了更有效地保护和利用莱茵鹅的优良基因,对北方种鹅场和双鸭山种鹅场的莱茵鹅血清进行了15项生化指标的测定及分析。结果表明:北方种鹅场和双鸭山种鹅场莱茵鹅血清三酰甘油、肌酐、直接胆红素、氯、镁、尿素氮、白蛋白和钙等血清生化指标之间的差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);血清总蛋白和总胆红素之间的差异达到了显著水平(P<0.05);而葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、无机磷和尿酸含量之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究还初步建立了莱茵鹅15项血清生化指标的参考值及参考范围。     

赤眼蜂寄主选择性及其机理研究(Ⅱ) 赤眼蜂对寄主的选择行为及其机理分析

3种赤眼蜂在多种寄主卵单独或共存条件下,趋向产卵的行为反应趋势相似。各“蜂—卵”组合之间,在上卵蜂率,偏嗜指数等行为反应指标上均有明显差异。该趋势与寄生特性不尽吻合,不同蜂种对不同寄主卵有各自的偏嗜性选择。繁蜂所用中间寄主卵,对蜂种原有的寄主选择嗜好性具有驯化改造作用,赤眼蜂对寄主卵的有机溶剂抽提物有敏感的趋向行为发生,赤眼蜂对寄主的选择性行为可能与寄主卵的化学信息物质有关。     

Occurrence of an antifungal principle in the root extract of a Bayoud — resistant date palm cultivar

An hexane extract from roots of Black Boo Stammi, a cultivar of date palm, resistant toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.albedinis, contained substances which inhibited the spore germination and the growth of the germ tubes of the three isolates of the pathogen that were tested. Extract from roots of Jihel, a susceptible cultivar, lacked these substances.Samenvatting In een hexaanextract van wortels van de dadelpalm, cv. Black Boo Stammi die resistent is tegen de Bayoudziekte, bevonden zich stoffen die de sporekieming en de groei van kiembuizen onderdrukken. Dit gold voor alle drie isolaten vanFusarium oxysporum f. sp.albedinis, die werden getoetst. In extracten van de vatbare cultivar Jihel werden de kieming en de groei niet geremd.     

环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生测报的气候指标研究

采用次序统计量方法,以1988～1999年环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生程度资料和气候资料研究了蝗虫灾害等级与当地气候指标的定量关系,建立了春季和夏季预测模型,并以此对2000～2003年该地区蝗虫发生状况进行了预测试验。结果表明,敏感气候因子有:上年11～12月气温、3～6月温度及5～6月降水量等。春季预测模型中的指标为:(1)T11<-6℃;(2)T12<-10℃;(3)T3>-4℃;(4)T4>2℃。夏季预测模型中的指标为:(1)(T11+T12)/2<-8.5℃;(2)(T3+T4)/2>-1.5℃;(3)(T5+T6)>7.5℃;(4)(R5+R6)<48mm。当模型中有3个或4个指标满足,则当年可能发生严重蝗虫灾害,当没有或只有1～2个指标满足,则不会发生严重蝗虫灾害。     

Genetic Structure of Melampsora Epitea Populations in Swedish Salix Viminalis Plantations

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to study the genetic structure of populations of the willow leaf rust, Melampsora epitea, in Swedish willow plantations. In total, 197 isolates collected from Salix viminalis clones in three locations in Sweden were analysed. AFLP profiles based on 83 markers were used to compute genetic distances between pairs of individuals. High levels of gene and genotypic diversity were detected in all populations, with 96% of the AFLP loci being polymorphic and with normalized Shannon's diversity indices ranging from 0.977 to 1.0. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed small significant differences among locations, although most of the molecular variability was found within locations (97.5%). Five isolates from one willow clone in one location differed markedly from the common pattern. When these five exceptional isolates were excluded, no significant differences among willow clones were found with AMOVA. Sexual reproduction and spore migration appear to be important factors for the population genetic structure of this pathogen.     

几种针阔叶树耐旱水分生理指标地区间差异性的研究

本文测定和研究了栽植于半湿润区（海拉尔）、半干旱区（赤峰和呼和浩特）以及半早向干旱区过渡地段（霍洛）的油松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓ，１４－１６年生）、白杆（Ｐｉｃｅａｍｅｙｅｒｉ）和青杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓａｔｈａｙａｎａ，７－９年生）的主要耐旱性生理指标。结果指出各被试树种的水饱和总体渗透势（π０）、初始失膨点总体渗透势（πｐ）和总体弹性模数（Ｅ）在被试地区间存在着显著差异（Ｐ≤０．０５），并且这些生理指标同气候湿度指标（Ｉｍ）具有显著的相关关系（ｐ≤０．０５），可描述为Ｙ＝Ａ＋ＢＩｍ（Ｙ生理指标）。从而表明油松、云杉和青杨是耐旱性可变树种，并通过干旱锻炼可提高其耐旱性。     

干旱区土地退化生态系统的评价方法

本文简要介绍了我国干旱区的二种分类方法、分布面积和自然特点。干旱区土地生态系统退化的主要类型有草场退化，而养耕地退化和灌溉地退化，国内外各种退化类型的分布面积。提出退化土地生态系统评价原则，主要退化土地的评价指标体系，评价因子权重的确定方法，综合评价方法及地理信息系统的应用。     

Studies on Normal Haematological and Serum Biochemical Values of the ‘Hijin’ Racing Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kuwait

Haematological estimations and serum biochemical analyses were made on 100 samples collected from clinically healthy Hijin racing camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Kuwait. The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total white blood cell counts were estimated. In the serum biochemical analyses, sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations were measured, as were the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, -glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The results are discussed in relation to other findings reported in camels.     

日粮不同锌水平对法国鹌鹑生长发育及组织中微量元素含量的影响

用2周龄健康法国鹌鹑324只,按体重随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮(含锌26.7ppm),在此基础上,添加9个梯度水平(ppm)的锌(0,25,50,75,100,500,1000,1500,2000),进行为期3周的饲养试验.试验期末,进行血液生化指标测定和组织器官微量元素含量分析.试验结果表明,法国鹌鹑日粮中以添加50ppm和75ppm锌为宜,对增重、采食量和饲料效率均有一定作用.1000ppm锌为最大耐受量,1500ppm锌为其中毒量;在一定锌水平范围内,血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量、碱性磷酸酶(SAP)活性均随日粮锌水平的提高而显著提高(P<0.05),当锌添加量为500ppm时,其达最大值,随后呈降低趋势.血清白蛋白含量不受日粮锌水平的影响.锌与其它微量元素之间的关系依不同组织器官而异,缺乏规律性.日粮补饲锌能显著降低肝脏中铁、铜、锰和肾脏中铁的含量,提高骨骼.血清中锰及肾脏中铜的含量.