做青环境调控方式对乌龙茶品质影响的试验研究

为了降低乌龙茶人工做青环境的投资成本和能耗，改善做青环境空气质量，对恒温恒风和恒温无风两种做青环境进行试验比较，通过在线测定做青环境指标及青叶若干生理指标，探明做青环境调控方式对叶层空气参数、青叶生理生化变化以及毛茶品质的影响。结果表明，恒温恒风调控方式能有效降低叶层空气的相对湿度，改善空气质量，增大青叶的气孔导度、失水速率及呼吸速率，提高毛茶的水浸出物和游离氨基酸含量，毛茶品质较优。春茶乌龙茶做青环境调控参数宜为：温度22～25℃，相对湿度70%～80%，做青前期叶层平均风速0.2 m/s。     

冬小麦植被指数变化及其影响因子初探

对冬小麦植被指数(NDVI)变化规律、不同品种冬小麦植被指数差异、农田水肥状况对植被指数的影响以及植被指数与叶面积指数的关系研究结果表明,冬小麦植被指数具有日变化规律,且随冬小麦生长发育而变化,即小麦生长旺盛时植被指数数值较大。不同小麦品种植被指数表现出基本一致的季节变化特点,农田水肥条件交互影响小麦植被指数,水分胁迫时肥料对植被指数的影响明显,而水分满足时肥料对植被指数的影响不明显。     

粉煤灰中有害元素对土壤、粮食影响的初步评价

本文通过大量资料在每公颂施用不超过６０万公斤的粉煤灰改良石灰性粘质土壤时，采用污染指数法，污染起始值对壤与粮食中镉，铬，砷，汞及３．４Ｂ（ａ）Ｐ的含量进行了初步的评价，认为在上述施用量的基础上，不会造成土壤，粮食的污染。通过二年三作模拟储灰一种有害元素ｋｍ值测定进行初步分析表明：个别元素在表层或底层有弱度淋溶或富集，但层次间，年度间变化不大，总的趋势是比较稳定，同上述评价结果一致。     

台湾生态工程材料之应用与评估

 对目前台湾地区所使用生态工程施作地点及应用材料等进行调查汇整、研究及分析,并就符合多样性生物栖息环境之生态工程材料进行开发研究,包括现地调查,岛内外资料搜集与资料分类整理,将已汇整的材料表格化。材料组件分为生物材料与非生物材料,而工法组合材料则分为木材工法类、地工材料类、土石材料类、植生工程类和再生材料类。工法所用材料之评估,分别就其功能性、生态栖地特性、经济性和材料再生特性进行综合指数评估。将材料整合评析,如种类、适用范围、使用条件、生命周期及各阶段对环境之兼容性等,进而归纳出生态工程应用材料的规划设计原则。     

不同干旱强度对糜子产量的影响及其在估产中的应用

该利用盆栽试验结果，通过分析糜子在不同生育阶段受不同强度干旱的产量反应，得出：糜子各生育期的受旱缺水指数Ｒｉ减产指数Ｒｉ，及产量反应系数Ｋｙｉ。认为糜子在灌浆期对干旱敏感性最强，此阶段受旱，日减产率量大，水分生产力最低，灌水效果最佳。拔节＋扬花期产量和干旱之间的反应最弱。糜子生育期耗水分蘖期最多，占总量的２８．６％，正常供水盆栽全生育期耗水１８５ｍｍ，不同干旱度下为１６７ｍｍ．水分生产力平均为０     

华北地区冬小麦优化灌溉的水分指标与节水性,抗逆性分析

介绍了冬小麦优化灌溉的水分指标及传统灌溉的区别，并在总结分析试验研究结果的基础上用对比的方法阐述了优化灌溉的节水，节能，抗逆和增产原理。     

Topographic controls on the invasion of Pteronia incana (Blue bush) onto hillslopes in Ngqushwa (formerly Peddie) district,Eastern Cape,South Africa

The role of topographic factors in the invasion of hillslopes by Pteronia incana, an unpalatable shrub, was investigated. The study combined field observations with image analysis based on high-resolution infrared imagery. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 20 m spatial resolution was used to derive terrain parameters. The Topographic Wetness Index (WI), a component of the TOPMODEL, was derived from the DEM and its relationship with the spatial distribution of P. incana was explored. The absence/presence of P. incana was noted to be strongly influenced by slope angle and aspect. The probability for P. incana occurrence increased with slope steepness and southerly slope orientation. Abandoned and grazing lands were identified as the main invasion hotspots on hillslopes. The combined influence of slope gradient and aspect, and land use was noted to have promoted the invasion. This is borne out by the concentration of the invasion on abandoned steep slopes with a southerly orientation.     

Development of Core Subset of Finger Millet Germplasm Using Geographical Origin and Data on 14 Quantitative Traits

Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important cereal food crop in Africa and South Asia. It is a hardy crop that can be grown in very diverse environments from almost at sea level to about 2400 m.a.s.l. Finger millet has an excellent food value as its seeds contain protein ranging from 7 to 14% and are particularly rich in methionine amino acid, iron, and calcium. Despite all these merits, this crop has been neglected from the main stream of crop improvement research. One of the means to boost its production and productivity is to enhance utilization of finger millet germplasm to breed superior varieties. Keeping this objective in view, a core subset of finger millet germplasm (622 accessions) based on origin and data on 14 quantitative traits was developed from the entire global collection of 5940 accessions held in the genebank at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. The comparison of means, variances, frequency distribution, Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′) and phenotypic correlations indicated that the core subset represents the entire collection. These tests indicated that sampling was optimal and the diversity has been captured very well in the core subset. The correlation analysis indicated that panicle exsertion and longest finger length could be given lower priority in the future germplasm evaluation work of finger millet.     

Spatial variation of tracer distribution in a structured clay field soil

Within the sensitive soils of the River Oder Basin (E Brandenburg, Germany), chloride‐tracer transport was studied with respect to soil‐surface conditions of the well structured clayey topsoil (disturbed vs. undisturbed) and irrigation mode (flooding vs. sprinkling). The spatial variation of chloride and dye distribution was sampled in a regular grid within different soil depths. Different methods were used for the analysis of spatial heterogeneity: a heterogeneity index HI derived from fitting parameters of the cumulative distribution function, semivariogram analyses to identify the spatial representativity of observations and to classify the spatial variation, and Spearman's rank correlations to examine the spatial similarity of tracer distribution across different soil depths. Soil aggregation was obvious throughout the soil profile, and macropores and fractures were preferred flow paths for the tracer. Flood irrigation resulted in more “uniform” distribution than sprinkling did. However, preferential flow was identified for all treatments, where, once established below the surface layer, flow paths led to heterogeneity indices manifesting nonuniform flow and reduced lateral mixing between macropores and soil matrix. Within the flooded plot, spatial structure of chloride concentration was moderate unlike the strongly structured variation within the sprinkled plots. For purposes to generalize and to assess regional risk of the water and solute transport within the topsoil of the River Oder Basin, spatial autocorrelation ranges of about 15 cm should be considered and included into concepts of soil protection and land‐use management, soil‐sampling strategies, or modeling approaches.