结缕草属植物致死含水量的研究

为研究结缕草属(Zoysia)植物的耐旱能力,并对耐旱能力强的结缕草品种的选育以及极度干旱地区结缕草草坪的水分管理提供实验依据.在2005年对51份结缕草种源抗旱性初步鉴定的基础上,于2006年选择9份抗旱性代表种源,对其致死含水量进行研究,并对其与表征永久萎蔫系数进行相关分析.结果表明:9份材料致死含水量变异范围为3.01%∽6.14%,变异系数为25.21%,9份材料的致死含水量存在极显著差异(P<0.01);表征永久萎蔫系数相对于致死含水量存在极显著的线性正相关关系(P<0.01),回归方程为:Y=1.57X+3.88(R²=0.9217>R_0.01²=0.6354);根据表征永久萎蔫系数与致死含水量的线性回归方程,得出其他42份种源的致死含水量,其变异范围为3.62%∽5.64%,变异系数为10.85%.     

不同水分处理对番茄产量性状及其生理机制的效应

在分析不同处理土壤水分动态的基础上,探讨了不同水分处理对番茄植株营养生长、生殖生长及其生理机制的效应,分析了不同土壤水分状况下番茄的水分利用效率的差异。试验表明：（1）日光温室滴灌条件下深墒较稳层的土壤水分含量在整个生育期有下降趋势,胁迫处理更为明显,土壤含水率变幅为13%~21%;（2）土壤水分对营养生长为正效应,而对生殖生长影响不明显;（3）胁迫处理叶片的细胞液浓度高于高水分处理,而叶片气孔导度低于高水分处理;（4）番茄座果后保持土壤水分不低于田间持水量的70%,较适合番茄生长。     

稀土对低温胁迫麻楝幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以2月龄袋装麻楝实生苗为材料,用0、100、500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土喷液施麻楝幼苗,后置于3℃人工气候箱低温处理1～7 d,考察其膜稳定性、渗透调节物质和叶绿素含量等抗寒性生理生化指标的变化,探讨稀土对麻楝幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果表明:0和100 mg.L-1稀土低温各天数后的相对电导率显著大于0 d,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的显著小于0 d。各稀土浓度处理的幼苗脯氨酸含量都显著大于0 d,可溶性蛋白质含量多小于0 d,叶绿素含量多大于0 d。0和100 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗丙二醛含量大于0 d或与0 d无显著差异。500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗各低温天数的丙二醛含量与0 d相近或小于0 d。0 mg.L-1稀土处理后,幼苗各天数的SOD活性显著小于0 d,100 mg.L-1处理的波动,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的各天数的SOD活性与0 d的差异不显著。可见,在低温胁迫下,500和1 000 mg.L-1的稀土处理能通过提高渗透调节物质含量来稳定麻楝幼苗细胞膜稳定性,从而增强麻楝幼苗的抗寒性。     

Evaluation of optical sensor measurements of canopy reflectance and of leaf flavonols and chlorophyll contents to assess crop nitrogen status of muskmelon

Nitrogen losses from intensive vegetal production systems are commonly associated with contamination of water bodies. Sustainable and optimal economic N management requires correct and timely on-farm assessment of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess. Optical sensors are promising tools for the assessment of crop N status throughout a crop or at critical times. We evaluated optical sensor measurement of canopy reflectance and of leaf flavonols and chlorophyll contents to assess crop N status weekly throughout a muskmelon crop. The Crop Circle ACS 470 was used for reflectance measurement, the SPAD 502 for leaf chlorophyll, and the DUALEX 4 Scientific for leaf chlorophyll and flavonols. Four indices of canopy reflectance (NDVI, GNDVI, RVI, GVI), leaf flavonols and chlorophyll contents and the nitrogen balance index (NBI), the ratio of chlorophyll to flavonols contents, were linearly related to crop N content and to crop Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) throughout most of the crop. NBI most accurately predicted crop N status; in five consecutive weekly measurements, R² values were 0.80–0.95. For NDVI during the same period, R² values were 0.76–0.87 in the first three measurements but R² values in the last two measurements were 0.39–0.45. Similar relationships were found with the three other reflectance indices. Generally, the relationships with NNI were equal to or slightly better than those with crop N content. These optical sensor measurements provided (i) estimation of crop N content in the range 1.5–4.5%, and (ii) an assessment of whether crop N content was sufficient or excessive for optimal crop growth for NNI ranges of 0.8–2.0. Composite equations that integrated the relationships between successive measurements with the optical sensors and crop N content or NNI for periods of ≥2 weeks (often 2–3 weeks) were derived for most indices/parameters. Overall, these results demonstrated the potential for the use of these optical sensor measurements for on-farm monitoring of crop N status in muskmelon.     

尿素水平对青山羊血液生化指标的影响

应用饲养试验与氮平衡试验,研究了不同尿素水平的日粮对青山羊血清总蛋白(STP)、血清清蛋白(ALB)、血清球蛋白(GLB)、血清清球蛋白比值(A/G)、血清尿素氮(SUN)及血清谷丙转氨酶的含量变化的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,试验分4个阶段,在基础日粮一致的情况下,采用4、9、14、0(对照)g/kg·DM4种不同的处理,试验结果表明:不同尿素水平极显著影响ALB、SUN浓度和GPT活性浓度(P<0.01),对血清清球比(A/G)无显著差异(P>0.05),尿素水平与STP、GLB浓度存在负相关;血清含氮生化指标STP、ALB、GLB、A/G、GPT、SUN随时间呈动态变化,出现高峰的时间比瘤胃氨浓度出现的时间平均推迟1～2h。进食尿素后,血液生化指标由平稳逐渐缓慢升高到高峰,随后又下降并趋于平衡。     

石灰性土壤硒含量与小麦籽粒硒相关性研究

对新疆不同地区的39个小麦田耕层土壤及籽粒进行调查取样,研究土壤的全硒、有效硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量的相关性及土壤硒含量的影响因素。结果表明:土壤全硒含量在0.144~1.153 mg·kg-1之间,其中10%属于少硒土壤(0.125~0.175 mg·kg-1),49%属于足硒土壤(0.175~0.450 mg·kg-1),41%属于富硒土壤(0.450~2.000 mg·kg-1),土壤硒的活化率平均为25.11%;小麦籽粒全硒含量在0.004~0.055 mg·kg-1之间,达到国家谷物类食品富硒标准(0.040~3.000 mg·kg-1)的仅有8%,92%小麦籽粒硒含量低于国家谷物类食品富硒标准,由此可知土壤全硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量无相关性,而土壤有效硒与籽粒硒含量呈极显著正相关,所以要充分利用富硒土壤生产富硒小麦就必须提高土壤中硒的有效性;土壤有效硒与土壤p H值呈极显著正相关,因此在实际生产中可以通过改善土壤条件的方法来提高土壤硒的有效性,从而提高小麦籽粒中硒的含量;土壤全硒含量随土壤质地粘重程度的增加而增加。     

日粮磷和钙磷比例对小型猪(香猪)血清、肠、骨碱性磷酸酶及血清钙磷的影响

36头生长阶段香猪去势公猪 ,通过3×3析因安排分组 ,完全随机区组设计 ,随机分配到9个处理中 ,每个处理4个重复 ,每个重复1头猪。试验两个因子中日粮磷的3个水平分别为0.3 %、0.6 %和0.9 % ;日粮钙磷比例的3个水平为1 :1、1.25 :1和1.5 :1。试验基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、血粉和苜蓿粉组成 ,各处理日粮磷水平和钙磷比例用CaCO3、Na2HPO4 和CaHPO4 调配。从试验开始到结束 ,每隔两周颈静脉采血一次测血清AKP活性和钙、磷 ,并于试验结束时屠宰全部试验猪取小肠和肋骨样测AKP活性。试验结果表明 ,血清AKP活性和第六肋骨AKP活性随日粮磷从0.3 %增加至0.9 %显著下降(P<0.05) ,但十二指肠AKP活性不受日粮磷水平影响。日粮钙磷比例不影响血清、第六肋骨和十二指肠AKP活性(P>0.05)。血清磷随日粮磷增加而增加 ,随日粮钙磷比例增加而下降。血清钙不受日粮磷水平影响 ,但在日粮钙磷比例为1.25 :1时最高     

Relationship between Geographical Distribution of Pinus yunnanensis and Climate

A distribution map of Pinus yunnanensis was made according to the data on geographical distribution of P.yunnanensis by means of applying geographic information systems software ArcGIS, and the climatic parameters of the distribution areas for P.yunnanensis were determined by the climate forecast model Climate China.The relationship between the geographical distribution of P.yunnanensis and the climate was studied by adopting the indexes of Kira including the warmth index(WI),coldness index(CI) and aridity index (K),Xu’s humidity index(HI),Holdridge’s life temperature(BT),potential evapotranspiration (PET),potential evapotranspiration ratio(PER) and the single factors as the mean annual temperature, the mean temperature in January,the mean temperature in July,the mean annual precipitation, the>5℃accumulated temperature,the>18℃accumulated temperature,the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature,the temperature variation, the ratio of temperature and precipitation of the year, etc.And the Kira’s water-temperature indexes on distributional upper limit,low limit and north limit were discussed.The major climatic factors effecting the distribution of P.yunnanensis were screened out by statistical analysis software SPSS and the results showed the impact factors are in the order of temperature>humidity>the temperature difference between mean warmest month temperature and mean coldest month temperature.     

湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量评价

基于生态系统可持续发展理论,构建了由社会、经济、自然环境和自然灾害4个子系统和28个2级指标组成的湿地生态环境质量评价指标体系;以信息熵理论为基础建立了客观确定权重的综合信息熵模型,层次分析法和综合信息熵模型法相结合确定指标权重;采用灰色关联模型对湖南省重要湿地2002~2006年生态环境质量进行评价。结果表明:湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量整体上属中等水平;洞庭湖、官庄、青山垅湿地综合评价值较低,生态环境质量较差;涔天河、酒埠江、黄石、凤滩、铁山生态环境质量为中等;东江湖、双牌和柘溪湿地生态环境质量始终处在良好水平。     

ASTER遥感数据在矿区生态损害现状监测中的应用

德兴铜矿矿山多年开采对矿区生态环境造成极大的损害,为维护矿区可持续发展,生态损害现状调查尤为重要。利用ASTER数据结合野外实测各类地物反射光谱曲线,利用矿物指数提取矿区重金属和粘土污染;采用差值法提取水体污染状况;采用NDVI彩色密度分割法提取矿区植被污染信息。研究表明,铜矿区生态损害现状甚为严重,利用遥感手段监测矿区生态环境是完全可行的。这为矿区土地复垦与生态修复提供了技术支持和决策依据。