瓶鼻海豚和糙齿海豚血清转铁蛋白的初步研究

血清转铁蛋白(serum transferrin,Tf)是一种非血红素结合铁的β球蛋白[1],其主要功能是负责机体中的Fe3 在吸收、储存和利用部位间的传递[2],供合成红细胞的主要成分—血红蛋白(结合和输送氧气的蛋白)和维持核糖核苷酸还原酶(ribonudeotide reductase)的活性[3]。同时,Tf是脊椎     

Characterization of Competitive Mycelial Growth in Pleurotus eryngii

Competitive mycelial growth(CMG)between Pleurotus eryngii isolates is genetically controlled,and stable CMG responses(positive,neutral or negative)were recorded among the strains tested.Correlations between CMG responses and mycelial growth rate were observed.CMG simultaneously reflects information relating to somatic incompatibility and mycelia growth rate in edible mushrooms,and can be readily and reliably applied to studies on genetic polymorphism among this group of fungi.     

四个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ多态性分析

为了比较和揭示洼地绵羊、杜泊羊、小尾寒羊及特克赛尔绵羊4个绵羊品种MHC-DQA1基因的遗传多态性,采用PCR-RFLP技术对4个绵羊品种224个样本的MHC-DQA1基因exonⅡ的315 bp片段进行多态性分析;并对基因型频率和等位基因频率进行统计,运用Popgen32软件计算相应的遗传参数.结果表明,AluI-R...     

湖南黑猪RBP4基因与产仔数的相关性分析

以湖南黑猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术进行视黄醇结合蛋白4（Retinol-binding proteins 4,RBP4）基因多态性检测,并采用最小二乘分析法分析其对产仔数影响的遗传效应。结果表明：猪群中发现AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,A、B等位基因的频率、多态信息含量、杂合度分别为0.8649、01351、0.3960、0.2337,表明该位点处于中度多态。初产母猪AA型比BB型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数分别多1.66头、1.83头,差异显著（P〈0.05）;经产母猪AA型个体的总产仔数和产活仔数比AB、BB型分别多1.19头、1.48头（P〈0.01）和0.96头、1.22头（P〈0.05）。基因效应分析结果表明,初产、经产母猪在该位点上A等位基因对总产仔数和产活仔数都表现为正效应,各性状分别增加了0.1496头、0.1635头和0.1443头、0.1169头,即A等位基因可能为湖南黑猪繁殖性能的有利等位基因。     

基于乌金猪深度发掘的优质高效新品种选育

目的揭示宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5多态性及其与肉质性状的关联。方法采用PCR产物直接测序法检测了120头宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5区域的SNP位点,借助最小二乘模型分析了各位点不同基因型及合并基因型对6个肉质性状的影响。结果宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5区域检出3个SNP位点,包括2个同义突变位点(T579C、T580C)和1个错义突变位点(G595A),分别以TT、TT、GA基因型和T、T、G等位基因的频率最高,且都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。T579C、T580C位点的TT和TC基因型可显著提高大理石纹(P<0.05)和降低失水率(P<0.01),分别呈显著的加性效应及加性—显性效应(P<0.05或P<0.01);G595A位点的AA基因型失水率最低(P<0.05)、熟肉率最高(P<0.05),呈显著的加性效应(P<0.05);3个位点的合并基因型TTTTGG、TCTCGG和TTTTAA分别具有最高的大理石纹、pH₁和最低的失水率(P<0.05或P<0.01),CCCCGG基因型的大理石纹和pH₁最低、失水率最高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论研究结果进一步确认宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5多态性与肌肉大理石纹、pH值和失水率显著关联,T579C、T580C位点的CC基因型和G595A位点的GG基因型具有协同降低猪肉品质的效应。     

北川白山羊基因组与表型性状相关的多态性RAPD标记

北川白山羊是在特定生态条件下未经系统繁育而形成的优良地方山羊品种,在生长发育、繁殖和抗逆等性状方面具有突出优势。通过对122只北川白山羊个体基因组的扩增,结果从80条RAPD引物中选出12条多态引物,北川白山羊群体平均遗传相似率和遗传多样性指数分别为0.859 8±0.077 6和0.919 8,表明北川白山羊品种具有一定的遗传分化和较丰富的遗传多样性。在12条多态性引物中,SBS06同时对体质量（P=0.028）、体高（P=0.017）和体长（P=0.037）具有显著影响,SBS02对体质量（P=0.033）和体高（P=0.034）具有显著效应,所以推断影响体质量和体高性状的QTL基因座可能与RAPD标记SBS06和SBS02相连锁,可以应用于北川白山羊体质量和体高性状的标记辅助选择以及相应主效基因的进一步研究。     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone gene of Oreochromis niloticus and their association with growth performance

Polymorphisms in the growth hormone (GH) gene that is associated with the growth rate of farmed fish have been the target of many breeding programmes. The present study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH gene regions to evaluate the association of SNP variations with the growth rate of two Nile tilapia: Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) strains. The targeted regions were amplified, sequenced, aligned and screened for the presence of SNPs; thereafter, performance tests were used to check for the association between SNPs and weight. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated for each SNP and genotype. Genotype blocks or sets of SNP genotypes and frequencies were also estimated. Association between SNPs and growth rate was statistically evaluated using a univariate linear mixed model that included both fixed and random effects. A total of 10 SNPs were identified, nine in the proximal promoter and one located in the 5′ UTR, forming 10 genotype blocks. In all weight recordings, five genotype blocks were significantly associated with the highest weights. Single nucleotide polymorphisms 6‐10 were also found to be significantly associated with growth (p‐value < .05). Genotypes with higher additive genetic values for weight were identified in the Chitralada strain, suggesting a possible impact of these additive effects of the GH SNP genotype on the growth rate of Nile tilapia. These findings may be used as part of marker‐assisted selection in tilapia breeding programmes.     

家兔UCP1 第3外显子基因多态性研究

为了解兔肉质性状特征,给兔的品种选种选育提供理论依据,选择UCP1基因设计1对引物扩增其第3外显子及第2内含子部分序列,采用DNA池PCR反应,直接测序法快速检测比利时兔、新西兰兔和加利福尼亚兔3个兔品种UCP基因多态性.结果在新西兰兔中发现1个多态性位点(T387C),多态位点对UCP1基因的RNA结构产生影响,其最小自由能由-917.51 kJ/mol变为-927.12 kJ/mol,而其他2个品种没有检测到该突变.     

单核苷酸多态性及其应用

单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）是一种新的分子标记，是指基因组由于单个核苷酸的变异所产生的差异。由于其多态性高，便于自动操作等特点，在基因组、后基因组时代具有广泛的应用前景。本文对SNPs的概念、特点、分析方法及应用等方面做了简要的概述。