Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography

Observer variation in diagnosing mild mitral regurgitation in dogs by cardiac auscultation was assessed by having 6 veterinarians with different levels of experience examine 57 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Comparisons with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography were made, and the effects of 2 physical maneuvers on the auscultatory findings were evaluated. Using mildly diseased dogs, interobserver agreement in diagnosing the presence or absence of left-sided murmurs ranged from 63% to 88%. The agreement with phonocardiography (range, 53-91%) increased with the amount of observer experience. The 2 most experienced observers could discern soft ejection murmurs from regurgitant murmurs and were able to diagnose 89% of the dogs with regurgitant jets larger than 30% of the left atrial area. In general, less experienced observers diagnosed most jets larger than 50%. In many dogs with small jets, no murmur was found by auscultation and phonocardiography. The audibility of mild regurgitation was significantly reduced in dogs that were difficult to auscultate. Early systolic murmurs were typical of mild regurgitation, whereas holosystolic murmurs typified severe regurgitation. In a few dogs, late systolic murmurs alternated with holosystolic murmurs. Systolic clicks were found phonocardiographically in 18 dogs with mild to moderate regurgitation, but the audibility apparently was low. In many mildly affected dogs, physical maneuvers increased murmur intensity. Thus, some form of dynamic auscultation might facilitate the diagnosis of mild regurgitation. Auscultatory findings in mild regurgitation appear to depend on observer experience, circulatory status, and how difficult the dog is to auscultate.     

数控加工实训教学经验交流

数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,数控技术的广泛应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,也给中国的高的教育发展起到了促进作用。文章结合我院数控实训教学的现状及笔者多年从事数控实训教学工作经验,总结了数控实训教学过程中的几点心得,旨在促进教学效果的提高,推进技能型人才培养的速度和质量。     

实施农业综合开发，促进旅游农业发展

农业综合开发是国家支持和保护农业的重要举措，是发展农村生产力的有效途径．是提高农业综合生产能力、保证粮食安全和促进农民增收的关键措施。山东省海阳市立足资源和区域优势．将农业综合开发土地治理项目与旅游农业的规划、建设密切结合。强化措施，整合资金，加强管护，确保了农业综合开发土地治理项目和旅游农业高标准建设．发挥了农业综合效益。走出了一条以农业综合开发促进旅游农业发展的新路子。     

病死猪肉的感观检验和处理

从猪肉的放血程度、切杀口状况、血液沉积情况、淋巴结的变化等方面，介绍了健康猪肉、急宰猪肉、病死猪肉的感观检验方法，并提出了病死猪肉、急宰猪肉的无害化处理方法。     

生物有机肥在糯米香茶上的应用研究

通过3种生物有机肥和牛粪在糯米香茶上的应用研究，发现3种生物有机肥均能改善农艺性状和感官品质并提高茶叶产量。其中金葵子生物有机肥处理效果稍好；恒丰生物有机肥处理效果居中；沃野诺丰生物有机肥处理效果稍差。     

马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布——HRP法研究

用HRP法对5匹马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布规律进行了研究。结果:标记细胞出现在T_2～L_4脊神经节内。其中T_(8～15)脊神经节内数量最多,其次是T_(3、7)和T_(16、17),其余脊神经节内的标记细胞数量较少。盲肠的感觉神经元,以小细胞为主,中细胞次之,大细胞最少。感觉神经均传入双侧脊神经节中,标记细胞的数量右侧明显地多于左侧(二者之比约4:1)。     

国外社区参与生态补偿的实践及经验

本文介绍了其他国家农村社区参与生态补偿的做法及主要经验,以期为我国社区参与生态补偿提供一些借鉴.     

从荷兰花卉业的成功经验论云南花卉产业的发展

对荷兰花卉产业的现状及其主要的经验作了介绍, 并就云南省花卉产业发展的利弊作出评述。借鉴荷兰花卉业发展的成功经验, 结合云南的实际, 提出了9条发展云南花卉产业的建议。     

中央大街环境综合整治的经验和启示

作者依据工程实践，通过中央大街环境综合整治工程的经验，从城市的经济增长、旅游发展、活力的复兴、历史的延续到整体规划设计几方面，阐明了许多旧城及保护建筑历史文脉与现代城市发展相矛盾的解决办法。     

Effects of Different Substrates on Fermentation Parameters

Fermenting different raw materials (corn, soybean meal and cottonseed meal) with three kinds of strains (Lactobacillus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis) were employed to optimize the fermentation parameter with sensory evaluation, pH and amount of probiotics retention.The results showed that the time to reach stable pH of materials with different substrates was different.Cottonseed meal had the longest time to reach stable pH followed by soybean meal, while corn had the shortest time under the condition of same water content.Different substrates had no effect on initial pH of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed meal.The count of the probiotics was also influenced by different substrates.When pH reached steady state, corn had the largest number of the probiotics followed by soybean meal and cottonseed meal.The color and smell of three materials after fermented had distinctive features.But cottonseed meal had the highest viscosity followed by soybean meal and corn.Because of shorter time and more microorganisms, corn was better than soybean meal and cottonseed meal to be fermenting medium.