山东烟叶感官质量与物理化学指标相关性研究

为了分析山东烟叶感官质量与物理化学指标的相关性,解析烟叶品质的化学基础和物理标识,采集典型中部和上部烟叶样品,通过感官质量评价、理化检测和数理统计分析,并对叶位、地域分布差异进行了比较。结果表明,山东上中部烟叶物理指标总体适宜,化学成分总体相对协调,感官质量总体较好,地域分布差异显著。中部叶在适宜范围内指标的比例高于上部叶。感官质量评价指标与化学成分和物理指标进行典型相关分析,分别得到3对和两对显著性典型变量,对典型变量影响较大的感官质量评价指标为杂气、余味、香气质,影响较大的化学成分指标为还原糖、总糖、两糖比、氯、总氮和烟碱,物理指标为叶宽、单叶重、叶片厚度,叶面密度和叶长。其中,杂气指标与钾氯比呈显著正相关,与氯、半纤维素呈显著负相关;余味与钙、氮碱比、钾氯比、叶宽、含梗率呈显著正相关,与淀粉、烟碱、钠、硫、氯、两糖比、叶片厚度、叶面密度呈显著负相关;香气质与钙、钾氯比、叶宽、含梗率呈显著正相关,与总氮、烟碱、钠、氯、两糖比、叶片厚度、叶面密度呈显著负相关。今后可采取相关措施进行调控,为产区烟叶质量提升提供理论参考。     

黑果腺肋花楸榨汁工艺研究与果汁品质评价

为制备具有强稳定性、高抗氧化与良好感官品质的黑果腺肋花楸汁,以出汁率、沉淀率和可溶性固形物含量为指标,优化料液比、果胶酶添加量,分析黑果腺肋花楸汁的总抗氧化性、抑制羟基自由基能力、清除DPPH能力;并从色度、总酚、花色苷含量、抗氧化性4个方面对不同贮藏方式的黑果腺肋花楸汁进行稳定性研究,用模糊数学法对黑果腺肋花楸汁进行感官评价。结果显示:料液比为1∶1、果胶酶添加量在0.4%时,黑果腺肋花楸汁的出汁率和可溶性固形物含量均较高;黑果腺肋花楸汁的总抗氧化能力为11.5 μmol·mL^-1,抑制羟基自由基能力为17 610.3 U·mL^-1。100 mL黑果腺肋花楸汁中相当于含有100.0 mg维生素C(V_C),总酚和花色苷含量分别为6.8、0.7 mg·mL^-1;在4 ℃避光贮藏120 d,果汁呈深紫红色,颜色变化不大,总酚和花色苷含量、抗氧化能力均未明显降低;感官评价介于优、良之间。通过工艺优化制备的黑果腺肋花楸汁具有较强抗氧化性和稳定性,且感官品质良好。     

我国小麦产业发展情况及国际经验借鉴

小麦作为三大主粮之一,在保障粮食安全和稳定国家经济发展中具有重要的作用。立足于国内,从小麦面积和产量波动、生产区域分布、品种演变、小麦品质以及供需形势等几个方面分析了我国小麦产业发展情况,并结合美国、澳大利亚、法国等发达国家小麦产业发展特点,概括总结国外小麦产业发展的先进经验。结果表明：我国小麦供给总量基本充足、小麦优势产区基本形成、小麦品种由稳产为主逐步向高产优质多抗转变、小麦需求向优质专用小麦转变。但存在小麦种植面积小而散、多品种混种普遍、产品结构不合理、产业体系和社会化服务体系不完善等问题。借鉴发达国家的经验,我国小麦产业在今后发展中应加强基础建设,引导形成集中连片种植,落实优质小麦“专种、专收、专储、专用”,以需求为导向引导规范种植、健全农业社会化服务体系。     

小儿捏脊护理措施及体会

小儿捏脊疗法是一种通过提、捏等操作组成的复合外治手法,可治疗消化系统、呼吸系统等多种疾病,疗效确切,绿色安全。通过观察我院小儿捏脊门诊就诊并接受治疗的患儿,发现良好的护理措施能够更好的帮助捏脊过程顺利完成,收到良好的临床疗效,并总结了小儿捏脊的护理经验、注意事项及心得体会     

烘丝工艺参数对烟丝加工质量的影响

【目的】优化烟丝干燥的最佳工艺参数,为提高烘丝加工质量提供科学依据。【方法】采用均匀设计法,通过直观分析和多元回归分析考察切丝含水率、HT蒸汽压力、筒壁温度、热风温度和排潮开度等因素对烟丝物理指标和感官质量的影响。【结果】切丝含水率、HT蒸汽压力、筒壁温度、排潮开度和热风温度对烟丝填充值、整丝率、碎丝率等物理指标均有一定影响;除切丝含水率外,其他4个工艺参数对烟丝感官质量也有明显影响。通过多元回归分析得到烘丝加工的最佳工艺参数组合：在切丝含水率19.0%、HT蒸汽压力0.32 MPa、筒壁温度137℃、热风温度105℃、排潮开度自动调节的条件下,烟丝填充值、整丝率和感官质量得分较优化前分别提高0.18 cm^3/g、2.3%和1.3分,碎丝率下降0.7%。【结论】切丝含水率、HT蒸汽压力、筒壁温度、热风温度和排潮开度对烟丝物理指标和感官质量的影响各不相同,在烟丝实际烘干加工过程中,适当调整各工艺参数,可有效提高烟丝加工质量。     

鱼油挥发性成分分析和脱除方法

采用改进的动态顶空技术捕集、浓缩鱼油挥发性成分，并通过GCMS分析鉴定其中45个成分，结果表明。其中14个为饱和、不饱和醛类，8个为饱和、不饱和酮类。这些物质被认为是形成鱼油异味的主要成分。通过GC分析评价鱼油储藏过程中的感观变化和氧化，结果表明，GC分析的总峰面积能够指示鱼油的气味强度和氧化程度，并和感官检验结果一致。凹凸棒黏土处理鱼油取得较好脱色脱臭效果，其脱色脱臭效率分别为86．2％和84．1％。     

Effects of ration level in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on sensory characteristics, lipid content and fatty acid composition

Effects of feed ration levels (RLs) and age on sensory characteristics, fillet lipid content (LC) and fatty acid composition (FA) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fillet were investigated in a longitudinal feeding experiment. Daily RLs were administered as a percentage of the ration size necessary for expected maximum growth (RL100). Fish on RL50, RL75, RL100 and RL200 were sampled at 1.4, 2.0 and 2.4 years of age. Analyses of LC and FA were carried out on a fillet cross-section. Sensory analyses were performed by an expert panel using ranking and conventional profiling. RL had no effect on the intensity of fresh smell or any sensory characteristic of taste or consistency of fish on RLs over 75%, irrespective of age; fish on RL50, however, scored significantly lower for fresh taste and firmness. Age had no effect on the intensity of total taste, whereas fresh taste increased and rancidity decreased with increasing age irrespective of RL. LC related strongly to RL and age, and increased up to 2.0 years of age. An increase in LC resulted in a higher level of monounsaturated FA and a lower level of polyunsaturated FA. A restriction to RL75 had no negative effects on sensory characteristics, LC or FA of the fillet.     

Active habitat selection by pre-settlement reef fishes

Our understanding of habitat selection by reef fish larvae has changed dramatically in the last 10 years. Fish larvae have long been considered passive particles at the mercy of ocean currents, tides and weather events. For reef fishes, ecological evidence has shown that passive dispersal alone often cannot explain larval distributions, suggesting active behaviour by reef fish larvae. While behaviourally modified passive transport may be important, recent work demonstrates that some reef fish larvae have the capability to actively swim to settlement habitat. They can orientate to reefs from distances of at least 1 km and can swim at speeds of 13.5 cm s^?1 for several days. The question then becomes, what are the cues that fish larvae use to orientate to reefs? Ambient reef sound has been shown to be attractive to reef fish larvae, and current research aims to understand better the nature and use of these acoustic cues. Other potential cues include chemoreception/olfaction, wave cues and visual location of reefs. A better understanding of active habitat selection and the underlying sensory and behavioural mechanisms will improve our knowledge of recruitment processes in reef fish ecology, and may have implications for active management of reef fish populations.     

Chemical, physical and sensory changes of small abalone meat during cooking

ABSTRACT:   Small abalone meats were heated at 80°C and 98°C for 0–120 min and the differences in chemical, physical and sensory changes of the cooked meats were investigated. The decrease in moisture and weight and the increase in browning and Hunter's b -value were relatively higher for cooking at 98°C than at 80°C. After cooking for 20–120 min, the total amount of adenosine triphosphate and its related compounds on a dry weight basis decreased by 17–27% at 80°C and by 30–39% at 98°C; the total amount of free amino acids on a dry weight basis changed insignificantly at 80°C but decreased by 22–35% after cooking at 98°C. The meats cooked at 80°C were higher in cutting force whereas the levels in the samples cooked at 98°C did not decrease until samples had been cooked for 60 min. The hydroxyproline content showed little change during cooking except for in samples cooked at 98°C for 120 min, in which the content was found to be low. The extended cooking at 80°C improved the acceptability of small abalone meat, whereas only the acceptability score of aroma increased significantly for cooking at 98°C.     

台湾南元花园休闲农场体验活动之检视与分析

台湾南元花园休闲农场除拥有其自身之农场特色外,在经营管理上更有其独到的一面,该文以台湾南元花园休闲农场为个案研究对象,调查其农场基础资源与检视其现有之体验活动,并由调查结果中分析其现有之体验活动是否善用期农场基础资源与符合其农场经营方向,最后将研究结果提供给休闲农场业者在设计体验活动设计时之参考,以提高体验活动的经济价值。