中国南极磷虾渔业发展的微观解析与对策研究——以辽渔集团有限公司为例

为探讨中国南极磷虾渔业全产业链发展模式,采用Thomson Innovation数据库、CCAMLR数据库等多源数据,分析辽渔集团南极磷虾渔业全产业链条发展特征。结果显示:1)自2009/2010年渔季以来,连续投入渔船参与南极磷虾捕捞生产;2)在南极磷虾油研发环节申请6项发明专利,储备了产业开发核心技术;3)开发10余种南极磷虾相关产品,通过互联网等方式建立了销售渠道,因此认为辽渔集团已经初步建立了全产业链发展模式。在探讨新时期辽渔集团南极磷虾渔业产业发展面临的机遇和挑战基础上,提出制定南极磷虾产业发展规划、统筹专利技术保护战略、构建南极磷虾信息平台、加强高端产品研发投入和推动新型南极磷虾捕捞加工船建设等相关对策建议,以进一步提升辽渔集团南极磷虾渔业产业国际竞争力。     

ArcGIS Data Reviewer在林业矢量数据质量管理中的应用

介绍ArcGIS Data Reviewer基本功能和特性,对其应用于林业地理信息矢量数据质量检查,如图斑重复、重叠,图斑间有间隙、多部件、狭长面、急锐角化、漏绘等空间关系,以及属性字段之间的逻辑性检查等的方法和步骤,举例进行了详细叙述,可为该软件模块的使用提供参考。     

Pathogenicity and Virulence of the Two Dutch VCGs of Verticillium dahliae to Woody Ornamentals

Two experiments were performed in two consecutive years to test whether isolates of different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differ in their ability to cause disease in woody ornamentals, to study the host specificity of the isolates and to get an insight into disease development in woody hosts. A range of woody ornamental plant species, including Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Catalpa bignonioides, Cotinus coggygria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Syringa vulgaris and Tilia cordata, were root-dip inoculated with six isolates of Verticillium dahliae, belonging to the two VCGs that occur in the Netherlands (VCG NL-1 and VCG NL-2). Isolates belonging to each VCG caused severe symptoms of verticillium wilt in most plant species tested. Disease progress differed between plant species, but was generally the same for the two VCGs. No overall differences in virulence were observed between the two VCGs for external wilt symptoms, number of dead plants, or shoot length. No significant VCG × plant species interactions were present for these characteristics. However, isolates of VCG NL-1 caused more vascular discolouration than did isolates of VCG NL-2. Isolates within VCGs often differed considerably in their virulence to certain hosts, as shown by highly significant isolate × plant species interactions. Isolates were more virulent on their original host. These findings imply that VCG identification does not contribute to disease prediction for a range of woody hosts.     

Is single-step genomic REML with the algorithm for proven and young more computationally efficient when less generations of data are present?

Efficient computing techniques allow the estimation of variance components for virtually any traditional dataset. When genomic information is available, variance components can be estimated using genomic REML (GREML). If only a portion of the animals have genotypes, single-step GREML (ssGREML) is the method of choice. The genomic relationship matrix (G) used in both cases is dense, limiting computations depending on the number of genotyped animals. The algorithm for proven and young (APY) can be used to create a sparse inverse of G (GAPY~-1) with close to linear memory and computing requirements. In ssGREML, the inverse of the realized relationship matrix (H⁻¹) also includes the inverse of the pedigree relationship matrix, which can be dense with a long pedigree, but sparser with short. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether costs of ssGREML can be reduced using APY with truncated pedigree and phenotypes. We also investigated the impact of truncation on variance components estimation when different numbers of core animals are used in APY. Simulations included 150K animals from 10 generations, with selection. Phenotypes (h² = 0.3) were available for all animals in generations 1–9. A total of 30K animals in generations 8 and 9, and 15K validation animals in generation 10 were genotyped for 52,890 SNP. Average information REML and ssGREML with G⁻¹ and GAPY~-1 using 1K, 5K, 9K, and 14K core animals were compared. Variance components are impacted when the core group in APY represents the number of eigenvalues explaining a small fraction of the total variation in G. The most time-consuming operation was the inversion of G, with more than 50% of the total time. Next, numerical factorization consumed nearly 30% of the total computing time. On average, a 7% decrease in the computing time for ordering was observed by removing each generation of data. APY can be successfully applied to create the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix used in ssGREML for estimating variance components. To ensure reliable variance component estimation, it is important to use a core size that corresponds to the number of largest eigenvalues explaining around 98% of total variation in G. When APY is used, pedigrees can be truncated to increase the sparsity of H and slightly reduce computing time for ordering and symbolic factorization, with no impact on the estimates.     

关联规则挖掘在奶牛营养研究中的应用

【目的】揭示隐含在奶牛营养分析结果数据中影响奶牛瘤胃乙酸/丙酸的关联关系和因素,为奶牛营养研究和奶牛养殖提供参考。【方法】选用奶牛营养分析结果的100条数据,应用改进的关联挖掘算法DMApriori算法,对奶牛营养分析结果中瘤胃乙酸/丙酸低于或高于正常值的情况进行了关联分析。【结果】饲喂一般牧草黑白花牛的瘤胃乙酸/丙酸低于正常值的可信度为70%;当前体质量在598～698 kg的奶牛多为黑白花牛,可信度为75%;日产奶量在10～20 kg的奶牛多为黑白花牛,可信度为70%;乳脂率在3%～4%的奶牛大多为黑白花牛,可信度为88%。【结论】通过对奶牛营养分析中的大量数据进行关联规则挖掘,提取蕴含在这些大量数据中有意义、有价值的信息,可以为奶牛营养研究和养殖的规划调整提供科学依据。     

县级森林资源信息管理系统设计

运用建模工具软件、采用可视化建模的方法及标准的建模语言,比较系统地介绍了通用且符合“数字林业标准与规范”的县级森林资源信息管理系统的设计思想、主要内容及建立方法。内容包括：(1)系统开发思想与方法;(2)系统设计目标与要求;(3)系统分析及设计;(4)县级森林资源管理系统开发方法等。     

在林权登记中利用Excel数据批量制作Word文档技巧

在集体林权制度改革中,为了提高《林权登记申请表》制作效率和质量,探索出利用Word＂邮件合并＂功能引用已有的Excel林权登记数据批量制作文档的方法,可以加快工作速度,提高工作质量。这种方法可广泛应用于利用Excel数据批量制作统一格式Word文档的工作。     

基于多源遥感数据的淮河流域城镇扩张研究

城镇是人类社会发展过程在空间上的重要表现形式,其空间格局与演变是城镇研究的热点问题。淮河流域是中国城镇体系的南北过渡地区,研究这一自然地理单元内城镇扩张过程,视角独特。为客观、快速、准确地重建不同时间序列上淮河流域城镇扩张过程,在DMSP/OLS数据、SPOT-VGT数据、Landsat ETM+数据等多源遥感数据的基础上,提出DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据相互校正—NDVI数据重建—流域城镇信息提取—流域城镇扩张分析的研究思路,并运用该思路分析淮河流域从1998年至2013年16年间的城镇扩张过程。从城市面积、扩张强度、扩张动态度、扩张形态4方面分析了城市扩张规律。研究发现:淮河流域整体与各省扩张基本属于低速扩张型与中速扩张型;淮河流域城镇分布仍较为分散,未形成完整的城市群或城镇体系;这一时期城市扩张时空发展不均衡。     

基于时间序列数据的粮食播种面积单产预测模型研究

采用了一种基于时间序列数据的灰色—线性回归模型对广西某市的粮食作物播种面积的单产进行了预测,并将预测结果及预测误差与线性回归模型及灰色GM（1,1）模型的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明,灰色—线性回归组合模型进行粮食作物耕地需求量预测精度较高,具有科学可行性。     

松毛虫早期灾害点遥感监测研究初报

松毛虫早期灾害点遥感监测研究初报武红敢，黄建文，乔彦友（中国林业科学研究院资源信息所北京１００００１）严小君，陈林洪（浙江省江山市森林防疫站江山３２４１００）关键词松毛虫害，ＴＭ数据，影像，监测松毛虫为我国最为严重的森林害虫［１］。几十年来，各级政府...