Interactions of microorganisms isolated from gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., on Vibrio harveyi, a pathogen of farmed Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup)

Four bacterial isolates from farmed gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, included in a previous study as members of the Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonodaceae and the genus Micrococcus, have been evaluated for their adhesive ability to skin and intestinal mucus of farmed Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, and their antagonistic effect on Vibrio harveyi, a pathogen of sole. These isolates showed higher adhesion to sole mucus than the pathogenic strains of V. harveyi assayed. Only two of the isolates showed antagonistic activity to V. harveyi. Interactions of the four isolates with V. harveyi in respect of adhesion to skin and intestinal mucus under exclusion, competition and displacement conditions were studied. Three isolates were able to reduce the attachment to skin and intestinal sole mucus of a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi under displacement and exclusion conditions, but not under competition conditions. The in vivo probiotic potential of isolate Pdp11 was assessed by oral administration followed by challenge with the pathogenic V. harveyi strain Lg14/00. A group of 50 Senegalese sole received a commercial diet supplemented with 10(8) cfu g(-1) of lyophilized Lg14/00 for 15 days. A second group of fish received a non-supplemented commercial diet. After challenge the mortality of the fish receiving the diet supplemented with the potential probiotic isolate was significantly lower than that in the fish receiving the non-supplemented commercial diet. This study has shown that the ability to interfere with attachment of pathogens, as well as the adhesion to host surfaces, are suitable criteria for selection of candidate probiotics for use in the culture of Senegalese sole.     

Improving weaning strategies for Senegalese sole: effects of body weight and digestive capacity

To optimize Senegalese sole‐weaning strategies, three experiments were performed. The first trial tested four weaning strategies with a 10 mg sole. Artemia‐fed sole grew threefold less than fish fed an inert diet. Sudden weaning (abrupt change from Artemia to inert diet) and weaning with co‐feeding produced larger sole than did a late weaning treatment; delayed weaning negatively affected fish growth. In the second experiment, the digestive capacity of early‐weaned 1, 2 and 4 mg sole was investigated. The highest growth was observed in sole weaned at 4 mg. Digestive enzyme profiles suggest that sole have an adaptation period to inert diets, with reduced feed intake. This adaptation period is inversely proportional to post‐larvae weight. The third experiment examined weaning with co‐feeding at different weights (2, 5 and 11 mg). These studies demonstrate that sole of 5–10 mg can be weaned, with high survival rates. On the basis of the digestive enzyme profiles, the early introduction of inert diets in co‐feeding with Artemia seems to affect intestinal processes in smaller postlarvae. This study also suggests that trypsin and alkaline phosphatase may be used as indicators of nutritional status in sole of <5 mg.     

塞内加尔鳎Survivin基因的电子克隆与生物信息学分析

[目的]克隆分析塞内加尔鳎的Survivin基因。[方法]利用生物信息学手段克隆塞内加尔鳎Sunvivin基因的全长cDNA序列,并对其序列进行分析。[结果]结果表明,该cDNA序列包含444bp的开放阅读框,编码147个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,塞内加尔鳎Survivin氨基酸序列与半滑舌鳎、斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾、鸡、小鼠和人Surivin氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性。[结论]该研究结果为进一步研究塞内加尔鳎的Survivin基因提供基础。     

非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性研究

室内测定了非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性。结果显示,非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用,10和14 d的LC50值分别为0.466和0.173 mg/mL;此外,非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还表现出较强的抑制生长发育作用,与对照相比,幼虫龄期和蛹期延长,蛹重减小,化蛹率和成虫羽化率显著降低。非洲楝具有防治斜纹夜蛾的潜力。     

The potential of aquaculture sole production in Europe: Production costs and markets

Sole is a high-value flatfish species that is highly favored in many European markets. Nowadays most sole comes from capture fisheries; however, wild supply has been decreasing because of decreasing catches due to stocks overexploitation. Due to its high price and declining landings, as well as a desire by farmers to diversify their operations, there has been an expansion in sole aquaculture production in recent years and there are ambitious plans for further growth. In this paper we assess the potential for sole aquaculture in Europe using raceways. This is done by analyzing the production costs of sole farms and the price evolution in European sole markets.     

塞内加尔鳎规模化人工繁育技术研究

2005~2006年连续两年对引进苗种养成的塞内加尔鳎Solea senegalensis全人工养殖亲鱼进行了繁育技术研究。两年间分别在威海和海阳两个实验基地共对33尾成熟雌鱼进行了LHRH-a肌肉注射催产和人工采卵授精,正常获产31尾,共获得受精卵7·3×106粒,平均受精率为64·3%,受精卵的平均孵化率为80·5%。两个实验基地分别培育出全长21~33mm苗种249万尾和全长22~36mm苗种112万尾,苗种培育成活率分别达到62·7%和58·2%。本研究成功地通过人工催产的方法,稳定获得塞内加尔鳎批量受精卵,并达到苗种生产量连续超过100万尾的规模化育苗水平。     

Effect of feeding time on dietary protein utilization and growth of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

The present study aimed to determine the effect of feeding time on growth and nitrogen excretion in juvenile sole. An 84‐day growth trial was conducted, in which food was supplied to three triplicate groups of juvenile Senegalese sole (3 g wet weight) at different schedules – diurnal, nocturnal and mixed. At the end of the growth trial, ammonia and urea excretion was assessed during a 24 h cycle. Improved growth (1.3% vs. 0.9% day^?1, specific growth rate), higher nitrogen retention (0.35 vs. 0.27 g N kg^?1 day^?1), lower ammonia excretion (209 vs. 272 mg N‐NH₄ kg^?1 day^?1) and lower total nitrogen excretion (278 vs. 352 mg N kg^?1 day^?1) were found in daytime‐fed fish compared with night‐fed fish. Fish in the mixed feeding regime showed intermediate values of ammonia and total nitrogen excretion, but did not differ from day‐fed fish regarding the other parameters. Results indicate that juvenile sole at a period of their life cycle appear to use more efficiently dietary protein for somatic growth under a diurnal than under a nocturnal feeding regime. This suggest that at least during a time‐window in the juvenile rearing a diurnal feeding regime might be more effective in the production of this species.     

塞内加尔鳎仔稚鱼的营养生理研究进展

塞内加尔鳎分布于地中海和大西洋南部沿岸, 是一种优质养殖鱼类。我国于2005年引进, 到目前为止, 仅有小规模的养殖。本文介绍了塞内加尔鳎仔、稚鱼对蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪酸的营养生理研究成果。主要包括大豆浓缩蛋白和花生四烯酸对塞内加尔鳎仔、稚鱼生长及生理的影响以及添加氨基酸、改变非蛋白能量水平、调节蛋白质和脂类比例对其营养生理的影响。研究结果表明: 大豆浓缩蛋白可部分替代鱼粉投喂塞内加尔鳎后期幼体, 对其生长没有显著影响, 但要先消除抗营养因子的作用; 氨基酸的添加可影响氨基酸代谢, 从而影响塞内加尔鳎后期幼体的生长。幼体饵料中添加的氨基酸种类应该和限制性氨基酸相一致; 塞内加尔鳎幼体的生长和存活不依赖于饲料中花生四烯酸的浓度, 但对色素沉着有影响。