利用AFLP和ISSR标记评价蜡梅种内杂交一代群体的分离方式

以2株花部观赏形态差别较大的蜡梅‘素心’单株H4和‘红心’H29作为亲本,杂交获得64个子代个体。利用AFLP和ISSR技术对F1代群体的分离方式进行了分析,结果显示:12对AFLP引物组合和9条ISSR引物扩增获得的838条谱带在F1代呈3种分离方式:孟德尔分离、偏孟德尔分离和异常分离,分别为634(75.66%)、144(17.18%)、85(10.14%)条;在符合孟德尔分离的标记中,可用于图谱构建的分离比符合1:1和3:1的条带共有166条。研究结果表明,"双假测交模型"适用于蜡梅这种木本观花灌木,此F1代群体可用于蜡梅遗传图谱的构建。     

苦瓜抗白粉病SCAR分子标记的开发

[目的]获得与苦瓜抗白粉病基因紧密连锁的分子标记,为加快苦瓜抗白粉病新品种的选育奠定基础.[方法]以高抗白粉病野生苦瓜MC18为父本、高感白粉病苦瓜栽培种MC1-2为母本创建F2代分离群体;经单株抗病性鉴定后,以BSA法构建F2代单株的高抗和高感白粉病苦瓜DNA近等基因池;利用SRAP技术筛选多态扩增片段,对仅在抗白粉病近等基因池和父本中出现的差异片段进行同收、测序、比对和转化成SCAR标记,并利用已知抗病性的单株DNA分析标记与苦瓜抗白粉病的相关性.[结果]从1188对SRAP引物组合中筛选到稳定阳性差异条带的引物组合5对,其中ME20EM5引物对扩增的差异条带长度为332bp,与葡萄抗体蛋白基因（抗性基因）的DNA序列有较高相似性,并将其成功转化成与苦瓜白粉病抗性相关、大小为320 bp的SCAR标记.[结论]开发的SCAR-ME20EM5分子标记可用于苦瓜抗白粉病分子标记辅助选择.     

Optimization of a Reaction System of Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism and Segregation of Polymorphic Loci in an F2 Population of Rice

An effective PCR protocol for detecting the sequence related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） in rice was developed. One hundred and ten pairs of SRAP primers were used for segregation analysis in an F2 population derived from a cross between Shennong 606 and Lijiangxintuanheigu. Among the 110 primer pairs, 35 pairs generated 143 polymorphic bands with an average of 4.09 polymorphic bands per primer pair, and 24 pairs （16.78%） showed the genetic distortion （P〈0.05）. Of the 24 primer pairs, 12 pairs deviated toward the male parent Shennong 606 and 11 pairs toward the female parent Lijiangxintuanheigu, only one toward heterozygote. It was found that the segregation distortion might be caused by the joint gametic and zygotic effects.     

Allotetraploid segregation for single-gene morphological characters in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa} Willd.)

Cytological evidence suggests the Andean grain crop quinoa is an allotetraploid, but in the few genetic studies which have been published a functionally diploid (disomic-monogenic) model has been assumed for segregation at individual loci in this species. In this study, controlled crosses using male sterile plants as female parents produced F1 and F2 generations segregating for three different single-gene morphological traits. Allelic segregation analysis revealed a range of F1 and F2 ratios indicative of both disomic-digenic and tetrasomic inheritance in two of these traits, as well as distorted F2 ratios suggesting erratic multivalent formation at meiosis. These results are consistent with allotetraploidy in quinoa, with functional alleles having been retained at some duplicate loci and at least some association occurring between homoeologous chromosomes. Tetrasomic segregation ratios observed in a minority of families may be due to reciprocal fragment exchange between homoeologues. The occurrence of tetraploid segregations at some loci in quinoa complicates breeding and genetic studies in the crop. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

粳稻直立穗与弯曲穗3个杂交组合6个世代穗角和每穗颖花数的遗传分析

调查了3个粳稻杂交组合镇稻88×C堡、丙8979×C堡和丙8979×77302-1的P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂ 6个世代的穗角和每穗颖花数性状的表型分布。运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型和6个世代联合分析的方法,对这两个性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,穗角和每穗颖花数性状均受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因共同控制;穗角性状以加性效应为主,每穗颖花数性状以上位性效应为主;穗角和每穗颖花数都以主基因遗传为主。     

一年生杂种李苗性状分离研究初报

以吉林６号李，金县大紫李等７个品种为亲本，组配１１个杂交组合，获得３４１个杂交单株。对杂交后代一年生苗的叶长，叶宽，叶宽基距，叶形指数，株主同等１２个性状的组合间性状差异程度及组合内性状分离状况进行分析，结果表明，一年生杂种李苗在组合间表现明显差异，在组合内各性状均有较大的分离表现，为李子杂交育种的早期性状鉴定和选择提供了可能性。     

利用SSR标记分析川育12×人工合成小麦Syn780重组自交系群体中的偏分离现象

利用栽培小麦“川育12”和“硬粒小麦—节节麦人工合成小麦”Syn780杂交得到的F8代重组自交系,对103个SSR分子标记的偏分离现象进行了分析,结果表明,22.3%的位点出现偏分离,发生偏分离的标记主要集中分布在A染色体组。为进一步利用该重组自交系标记双亲重要性状提供了参考信息。     

小麦RIL群体SSR标记偏分离的遗传分析

以普通小麦3338与斯卑尔脱小麦Altgold杂交得到的F6代重组近交系群体为材料，筛选出334个（271个SSR和63个EST-SSR标记）多态性标记，以此为基础构建了一个包含287个分子标记的遗传图谱。对这些多态性标记进行偏分离分析发现82个表现为偏分离（P＜0.05），其中70个可以定位到遗传连锁图谱中。这些偏分离标记中有33个标记位点偏向母本3338，占40.2%，49个标记位点偏向父本Altgold，占59.8%。这些偏分离标记在图谱上的分布有两种：成簇分布和孤立位点的偏分离。在5条不同染色体上发现6个偏分离热点区域，这些偏分离热点区域的形成可能与配子体选择有关。     

Relationship between phenotypic and genetic diversity of parental genotypes and the frequency of transgression effects in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between genetic and phenotypic distances of parents and the genetic potential of crosses as measured by the frequency of transgressive segregants in homozygous populations. Material for the study involved 17 barley cross‐combinations. In each cross, the parental genotypes, F₂ hybrids and doubled haploid (DH) lines were analysed. Yield and yield‐related traits were observed in the experiments. Phenotypic (univariate and multivariate) and genetic distances (GD) were investigated between pairs of parental genotypes. Genetic distance was evaluated by using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. In F₂ generations, the genetic coefficient of variability (GCV) was evaluated. Within all the cross‐combinations studied, each DH line was compared with both parents to distinguish the positive and negative transgressive lines. In addition, the coefficient of gene distribution (r) along parental genomes was evaluated. Relationships between frequency of transgression and both phenotypic and GDs, GCV and r, were assessed by regression analysis. It was found that for all the traits studied the frequency of transgressive lines depended mainly on gene distribution (r). Genetic distance between parents appeared to be significant for the occurrence of transgression effects in plant height, ear length, grain weight per ear and grain yield per plot. Regression analysis has shown that phenotypic differences between parental genotypes were also important for the frequency of transgressive lines. A weak relationship was found between the variation of F₂ hybrids and the occurrence of transgressive lines. The results indicate that occurrence of transgressive segregants in a homozygous population should be considered as a phenomenon dependent simultaneously on several factors characterizing parental genotypes. Among them, the most important are: gene distribution, phenotypic diversity and GD.     

Identification of two RAPD markers genetically linked to a recessive allele of a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.)

Summary Fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum Butler) is a soil borne disease of pigeonpea which causes substantial yield losses. The disease can occur at any stage of plant development, from the young seedling to the pod filling stage. Though resistance is simply inherited, transfer to locally adapted cultivars has been difficult due to linkage drag and difficulty in accurate phenotyping, except in sick plots. An attempt was made to identify RAPD markers associated with wilt phenotype by using F2 populations derived from contrasting parents; GSl (susceptible) ‘ICPL87119 (resistant) and GS1’ ICP8863 (resistant). Parents and F₂s were grown in a national _Fusarium sick-plot at Gulbarga, India and phenotyped as resistant or susceptible during the entire crop growth period. In both the crosses, resistance to wilt segregated as a monogenic dominant character. DNA samples extracted from sick plot grown, early seedling stage plants of parents and 254 F₂ plants of GS1 × ICPL87119 were held separately for marker identification. PCR reactions using 340 random decamer primers with genomic DNA of parents resulted in detection of 45 polymorphic amplicons from 39 primers. PCR testing of bulked DNA from subsets of resistant and susceptible plants revealed the presence of two amplicons at 704 bp and 500 bp (OPM03704 and OPAC11500) with susceptibility. Analysis of individual F₂ plants showed a segregation ratio of 3: 1 for the presence: absence of the amplicon in both crosses. Considering the wilt reaction and susceptibility-linked RAPD marker, it was possible to deduce genotype of every F₂ plant and the genotypic ratio for wilt reaction was 1RR: 2Rr: 1rr, as expected.