气吹式播种机气室结构对流场性能的影响分析

通过对国内外育苗播种机供种方式的研究,设计了一种基于气吹式供种的新方案,并对种箱气室进行了理论分析研究,包括种箱气室内部流场数学模型研究。同时,设计了3种结构形状的气室,运用Fluent软件平台,分别在不同高度,不同宽度、不同入口速度情况下进行正交数值模拟实验,找出各因素对种箱气室出口流场均匀性和出口速度的影响规律及结果,显示种箱气室的入口速度和气室宽度对实验结果有显著性影响,种箱气室结构形状是气室出口速度的大小及流场均匀性为主要影响因素。仿真实验结果为后期样机的制作及其试验提供了有效的理论基础。     

不同育苗基质对团花苗木生长的影响研究

开展11种育苗基质对团花苗木生长的影响试验研究,定期对苗木高、地径,地上部分及地下部分的生物量进行测定与分析。结果表明,团花苗木在育苗基质k-2和基质k-9中生长效果最好,在苗木培育过程中,后期生长缓慢有利于苗木的充分木质化,提高造林成活率。咖啡壳作为团花的育苗基质是可行的。     

5406放线菌对小麦幼苗的影响

本文研究了5406放线菌对小麦幼苗的影响。结果表明,经5406放线菌处理后小麦幼苗株高、根长、根体积、根系及茎和叶片干重、叶绿素含量及根系活力均有不同程度的提高。     

玉米苗枯病抗性鉴定方法的改进

采用玉米种子培养液对串珠镰刀菌分生孢子萌发抑制率和串珠镰刀菌毒素对玉米胚根、胚芽生长抑制率作为玉米苗枯病抗病鉴定指标,并与21个杂交玉米种苗枯病田间发病率进行相关分析来验证其准确性.结果表明,串珠镰刀菌毒素对玉米胚根、胚芽生长抑制率与玉米苗枯病田间发病率相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.925、0.919.该两种方法结果准确,可以作为玉米苗枯病抗性鉴定指标.     

Corn Genotypic Variation Effects on Seedling Emergence and Leaf Appearance for Short-Season Areas

Identifying corn ( Zea mays L.) genotypes with faster rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance is important in developing a corn crop with earlier canopy closure and better seasonal light interception. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice to investigate whether corn genotypes known to vary in canopy architecture and yield potential differed in rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design utilizing seven genotypes: five of the newly developed Leafy reduced-stature (LRS) types (LRS1, LRS2, LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5), one conventional type [Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], and one late-maturing big-leaf (LMBL) type. Five seeds were planted in each pot and seedling emergence was recorded every day until all seeds emerged. Leaf appearance was recorded from seedling emergence until the plants reached anthesis. There was variability among the genotypes for both seedling emergence and leaf appearance rate. Mean seedling emergence values of greater than 90 % were achieved by four of the five LRS genotypes, and the LRS types generally emerged more rapidly than the others. Leaf appearance rate showed linear increases over time; however, LRS genotypes (in particular LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5) had more rapid leaf appearance rates than the others. The LMBL hybrid ranked last for both seedling emergence (<80 %) and leaf appearance rate. Rapid seedling emergence and leaf appearance by early-maturing genotypes (LRS and P3979, especially LRS) may help these types of genotypes achieve earlier canopy closure and better use of the light available during the growing season, which is critical in a short growing season environment.     

钵育大苗对水稻生育性状及产量的影响

为探讨水稻钵盘育苗不同秧龄秧苗对低温和盐碱的抵抗能力。采用田间调查和室内考种方法对不同播期的秧苗进行了全生育期的比较研究。结果表明；钵育大苗秧苗综合素质好，插秧后抗低温，抗盐碱能力强，比钵育中苗提早成熟3d，而且可提高产量10.7%。     

Varietal Differences in Development of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings on Compacted Soils

Differences among open-pollinated tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) varieties in seedling development and establishment on compacted soils were studied. Soil dry density was used as an index of compaction. Three soil compaction levels and 12 traits associated with development and establishment of maize seedlings were investigated. A control (without compaction) was also included. Varietal differences were observed for most traits measured. Genetic differences for seedling development on compacted soil were detected. Varietal differences contributed about three times the contribution of compaction to total variability in the traits. Better seedling development and performance were obtained in moderately compacted soil than in the control. Shoot length, shoot dry weight and per cent dry matter in roots were good indicators of the tolerance of maize seedlings to compaction. A physiological strategy for maize seedling establishment on compacted soil was proposed. The implications of the results for seed testing were also highlighted. It was concluded that consideration should be given to the genotype of maize destined for use in ecologies prone to high soil densities. All varieties of maize grown in an agroecological zone could be screened to identify genotypes tolerant of higher soil densities. The seeds could then be multiplied and distributed to farmers.     

大葱生产用种量试验研究

经过2000～2001年两年试验,育苗面积66.7m2,每定植667m2大葱生产田,用种100g育出的葱苗数量少,满足不了定植需求;用种150～250g育出的葱苗质量高,数量充足,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较高,是适宜用种量范围;用种300～450g育出的葱苗质量不高,达到壮苗标准的葱苗较少,种子浪费较多,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较低,不宜提倡.     

马尾松苗切根技术研究

通过马尾松苗切根试验，明显提高了苗木质量，切根的最佳时间为８月分，深度８ｃｍ左右，切根苗宜在砂质土壤上进行条播为好。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。