温度、光照和发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响

实验室内进行了假俭草种子净度检验样品最低限量和发芽检验方法的研究，探讨了光照（以黑暗为对照）、温度（分别包括２０℃恒温，１５／２５℃、２０／３０℃、２０／３５℃和２５／３５℃变温）和发芽床（分设纸上ＴＰ和砂中Ｓ）等因素对种子发芽的影响。结果表明：假俭草种子净度检验样品最低限量是３ｇ，送验样最低量以及计数其它植物种子检验样品最低量均为３０ｇ；最佳萌发条件为２０／３０℃或２０／３５℃变温（１６小时低温，８小时高温），高温时段设光照，和纸上（ＴＰ）发芽；发芽的初次和未次计数时间分别以第１０天和第２１天为宜；种子的幼苗发育可划分为单子叶植物子叶留土类型。     

辽宁春小麦产量结构及增产途径的研究

通过3年小区试验和69块生产田调查,分析了辽宁春小麦产量结构特点和增产途径。产量结构是小麦栽培的中心环节,低、中产田往往由于产量结构不合理,导致产量不高不稳。产量因素间存在明显数量关系,培肥地力,提高田间整齐度,能有效地改善穗粒性状。鉴于辽宁小麦生育期短,分蘖穗小特点,建立高产结构应以主茎成穗为主,增苗抓穗,进而协调产量因素间的关系。     

Prevalence and risk factors in serous arthritis in the carpal joint of Norwegian coldblooded trotters

Of 508 four-year-old coldblooded trotters examined for carpitis, 135 (27%) had the condition. Thirty horses had unilateral carpitis on the left frontlimb, 52 on the right frontlimb and 53 had bilateral carpitis. Of these horses, 105 were stallions, 135 were geldings and 269 were mares. The prevalence of carpitis in these three groups was 25%, 25% and 28%, respectively.Information was obtained on the training regimes in four periods of the life of 378 horses. The odds ratios for the training variables were of the same order in all four periods. In logistic regression analyses on the training variables for the first period for the variable percentage of carpitis within each progeny group (sire index), the odds ratio corresponding to a 10% increase in sire index was 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) (95% confidence interval of the odds ratio). The odds ratios for leaving the horses out in a paddock, walking in a jogcart and fast training, or not in each case, were 0.4 (0.2, 0.9), 2.5 (1.2, 5.3) and 2.0 (0.9, 4.4), respectively. This implies a decreased risk of developing carpitis for horses left out in a paddock as a two-year-old, and a 2.5 and 2.0 times increased risk of carpitis occuring in horses exposed to walking in a jogcart and fast training, respectively.Information on the feeding regimes during the first, second and third year collected by a questionnaire revealed no association with carpitis beyond that which could be ascribed to chance. The rations offered were within normal ranges except for calcium, which was below recommended levels.     

秦川牛保种情况的分析 Ⅰ群体规模、年龄结构与迁移

采用群体遗传学理论与方法研究了陕西省秦川牛场秦川牛保种群30多年来的保种情况,详细地分析了保种群的规模、年龄结构及迁移情况。研究发现,该保种群规模变化剧烈,总的来说规模偏小,尤其是公牛群远小于保种遗传学基本法则规定的最小值;畜群结构不稳定,迁入不规则,该研究结果将为今后采取适当的措施提高保种效果提供科学的参考依据。     

蔬菜播种纸育苗技术研究

简单介绍了蔬菜育苗的现状。在黄瓜和绿菜花上对4种蔬菜播种纸材料的纸质进行了筛选试验,筛选出处理3为最佳处理。在不同育苗方式的对比试验中,蔬菜播种纸育苗在多个方面优于传统育苗和穴盘育苗。在蔬菜播种纸上添加营养成分的试验表明,营养成分明显有利于提高成苗率,处理C效果最佳。     

大果沙棘实生苗年高生长节律的研究

大果沙棘实生苗的年高生长进程呈现慢-快-慢的"S"形节律,用logistic模型分析其连续性和阶段性收到良好效果。研究表明,整个生长进程中存在着明显的速生期(长约43d),速生期内的苗高生长量约占总生长量的58%。在育苗实践中要切实抓住这一关键时期,采取有效管理措施,提高苗木质量。     

Complex Carbohydrates Occurring in the Digestive Apparatus of Umbrina Cirrosa (L.) Fry

The glycosoaminoglycans in the digestive apparatus of immature fish have important biological functions and are involved in morphofunctional differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the glycoconjugate histochemistry in the different parts of the digestive apparatus (oesophagus, stomach, intestine) of Umbrina cirrosa (L.) fry using classical histochemical reactions (periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff, high iron diamine, low iron diamine) in conjunction with glycolytic digestions that degrade different classes of glycosoaminoglycans. No differences were observed in the reactivity to conventional histochemical staining of the oesophagus, stomach or intestine among 27-, 34- or 44-day-old fry. In the oesophagus, the mucopolysaccharides contained chondroitin sulphates B and A and/or C, heparan sulphate and chondroitin. In the stomach, only neutral glycoconjugates were revealed, whereas in the intestine there were only chondroitin sulphates. Some differences in the type and content of glycoconjugates were found in Umbrina cirrosa (L.) fry compared to those of adult subjects, probably related to different dietary habits and to changes in the environmental conditions.     

The conserved global regulator VeA is necessary for symptom production and mycotoxin synthesis in maize seedlings by Fusarium verticillioides

The veA or velvet gene is necessary for biosynthesis of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in Aspergillus species. In addition, veA has also been demonstrated to be necessary for normal seed colonization in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The present study shows that veA homologues are broadly distributed in fungi, particularly in Ascomycetes. The Fusarium verticillioides veA orthologue, FvVE1, is also required for the synthesis of several secondary metabolites, including fumonisin and fusarins. This study also shows that maize plants grown from seeds inoculated with FvVE1 deletion mutants did not show disease symptoms, while plants grown from seeds inoculated with the F. verticillioides wildtype and complementation strains clearly showed disease symptoms under the same experimental conditions. In this latter case, the presence of lesions coincided with accumulation of fumonisins in the plant tissues, and only these plant tissues had elevated levels of sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphate derivatives, indicating inhibition of ceramide synthase and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The results strongly suggest that FvVE1 is necessary for pathogenicity by F. verticillioides against maize seedlings. The conservation of veA homologues among ascomycetes suggests that veA could play a pivotal role in regulating secondary metabolism and associated pathogenicity in other fungi.     

大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型及抽样技术研究

为了确定大螟蔗田枯心苗的空间分布型与抽样技术,采用聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析法和Taylor幂法则分析了甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布型,根据Iwao的理论抽样数模型确定了蔗田枯心苗的最适理论抽样数。甘蔗枯心苗的空间分布呈聚集分布,基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,个体群在蔗田呈聚集分布。聚集程度随密度的升高而增加,聚集原因可能是由于甘蔗自身特性和大螟为害等环境因子作用或其中一个原因引起的。5种抽样方法均可用于蔗田抽样调查。用Iwao的理论抽样数模型计算出蔗田枯心苗的理论抽样数模型为:D=0.1时,n=230.470 0/m+0.980 0,D=0.2时,n=57.617 5/m+0.245 0,D=0.3时,n=25.607 8/m+0.108(m为枯心苗平均密度)。本文为开展大螟测报和防治提供了理论依据。