Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.     

银杏种子UDPG焦磷酸化酶特性的研究

银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)种子中UDPG PPlase最适温度为29-30℃,最适pH为7.5-80,二价阳离子中Zn~(2 )、Ba~(2 )对其活性影响较小.Mn~(2 )、Mg~(2 )、Ca~(2 )对其有明显影响,而Cu~(2 )、Pb~(2 )有强烈的抑制作用.银杏种子幼小至膨大期,UDPG PPlase活性较低;种子成熟期至贮藏初期,活性迅速而显著地增强;贮藏过程中活性保持较高水平.     

水稻白叶枯病防治技术研究

应用中国农科院最新研制的农用抗生素中生菌素研究了其对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果和应用技术。室内浸种试验表明,用中生菌素100mg/kg、在水温58℃下浸稻种48h,可全部杀死种子表面及内部的白叶枯病菌,切断了种子带菌传病的途径。田间试验表明,用中生菌素50mg/kg、水温55～60℃的药液浸种48h,再于秧苗3～4叶期和移栽前5～7d用中生菌素15mg/kg施药保护,田间白叶枯病可迟发生20d以上,其发病程度亦显著降低,对于轻病田或轻发生年份大田可免于防治;重病田或重发生年份于发病初期再用中生菌素15mg/kg防治1次,即可控制病情的发展。作者认为用中生菌素浸种及秧田期施药保护不仅改变了以往田间发病初期用药防治的策略,而且大大降低了防治费用,经济效益、社会效益及生态效益显著。     

喷克防治苹果主要病害应用技术

喷克（ｍａｎｃｏｚｅｂ）８０％可湿性粉剂６００倍,８００倍,１０００倍室内对苹果轮纹（Ｐｈｙｓａｌｏｓｐｏｒａｐｉｒｉｃｏｌａ）抑菌效果均达１００％,６００倍,００倍对苹果斑点落叶病菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｍａｌｉ）炭疽病菌（Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｅｌｌａｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔａ）亦具显著的抑制效果,人工接菌条件下,８００倍液防治苹果斑点落叶病的实际保护期主１０－１２ｄ,防治苹果轮纹病的有效保护期为８－１０ｄ。田     

不同生态区藏山羊的产绒性能研究

选择青藏高原四个不同的生态区,对藏山羊的产绒性能进行了研究,结果表明：西藏两个产区藏山羊的产绒量和绒的主要品质指标均高于四川两个产区,尤其是西藏阿里地区藏山羊的产绒量和绒的品质明显优于其他产区,四川茂县藏山羊的产绒量和绒的品质较差;同时,西藏两产区藏山羊的产绒量从年龄上看以４岁较高,从毛色上看以白色个体较高;四个不同生态区内藏山羊的产绒性能差异较大,越严酷的高寒生态条件,其产绒量越高,绒的品质越好。今后应根据不同的生态区按不同的生产方向对藏山羊这一宝贵的基因库资源进行开发利用。     

葡萄新品种--爱格丽

以 3个欧亚葡萄栽培品种及其 2个中间杂交种为亲本 ,经过 15年培育出酿酒葡萄新品种‘爱格丽’ (Ecolly)。该品种除保持亲本的优质、丰产、抗寒性状以外 ,其最突出的特点是抗病性强 ,霜霉病病情指数为 16.5 ,是对照的 46.6%。适合酿造优质干白葡萄酒。     

麻竹山地栽培丰产技术总结

本文是多年来，通过对我省东南沿海几个县（市）山地栽培麻竹进行调查研究，分析其生长情况，并与沙滩等地类的麻竹生长情况进行对比，提出山地麻竹丰产栽培技术的配套措施、其包括：麻竹造林技术、幼林管理、成林抚育管理和病虫害防治等。     

高山草原绵羊放牧生态及消化代谢的研究：Ⅰ放牧绵羊嗜食性研究

利用植物显微技术镜检法和食道瘘管法对放牧绵羊采食的高山草原植物成分与嗜食性指数进行分析。结果表明，绵羊在黄草期采食植物成分比青草期多，其嗜食性指数在不同时期变幅较大，随着冬季来临，绵羊对草地植物的嗜食性不如青草期强烈，至某些植物嗜食性是相对稳定的。     

Tree improvement effects on tree size distributions for Picea glauca and Picea mariana in New Brunswick,Canada

Abstract

Height and diameter distributions between improved and unimproved (checklot) seedlots for white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] and black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] were compared using the two-parameter Weibull function. Individual tree height at age 5–15 years and diameter at breast height at age 15 years that were collected from two series of large-plot realized gain tests were used for this purpose. For both species, improved seedlots did not significantly (α=0.05) change the shape parameter of the distributions relative to their checklots, suggesting that an overall shape value will be adequate to predict tree size distributions of various improved seedlots. The most important finding was that seedlot influenced the scale parameter (related to the range of the distribution) significantly, but from a practical viewpoint, only those scale values of the higher rated seedlots (i.e. seedlots collected from a rogued seed orchard or superior families) were significantly higher (α=0.05) than those of the respective unimproved seedlot. The changes in scale value of the alternative improved seedlots relative to the checklot (Δ_Scale) were comparable in magnitude to the respective realized genetic gains, suggesting that tree improvement effects on the scale value can be adjusted by realized genetic gains. The results also suggest that site and age significantly affected the scale value; in general, Δ_Scale became larger at earlier ages or on better sites. The findings reported here will be used in the development of yield functions for genetically improved white and black spruce in New Brunswick.     

姥山马尾松1代种子园良种选育

经过１０多年努力，姥山马尾松１代无性系种子园建成投产，经造林测定，６年生子代林的树高、胸径、村积生长量分别比对照提高１５．２％、１８．４％、５６．８％．良种效益显著，并经浙江省林木良种审定委员会审定通过。