遮光及复光处理对紫叶狼尾草叶色及生理变化的影响

为探寻光照对紫叶狼尾草（Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’）的叶色及生理变化的影响,以自然光为对照,用透光率为10%的遮阳网对其进行遮光处理,直至新叶成熟完全变绿后,撤去遮阳网用自然光进行复光处理,而后测量各阶段的叶色参数和相关生理指标的动态变化。结果显示,遮光后紫叶狼尾草新叶为绿色,叶色参数L、b值显著增加,a值显著减少;生理指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著增加,花色素苷、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（chalcone isomerase,CHI）活性显著减少,PPO多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活性无明显变化。复光处理后,叶色逐渐转紫,叶色参数变化与遮光相反;生理指标变化与遮光后减少或增加的指标呈相反趋势,PPO、POD活性变化不明显。     

黔西北麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物断代的质疑

  据谢良胜等的2篇文章报道,黔西北麻窝山岩溶盆地近29年来平均沉积厚度1.33 m,沉积速率4.6 cm/a,流域平均侵蚀模数为2 900.55 t/(km2.a)。而根据笔者的研究成果,该岩溶盆地中央部位沉积物剖面中,表征1963年沉积的137Cs峰值深度为40 cm,减去犁耕层深度,1963年以来的沉积厚度为20 cm,年均沉积速率为0.44 cm/a,此值仅为谢良胜等研究结果4.6 cm/a的1/10。     

Influence of vegetation parameters on runoff and sediment characteristics in patterned Artemisia capillaris plots

Vegetation patterns are important in the regulation of earth surface hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid areas. Laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments were used at the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling, northwestern China, to quantify the effects of Artemisia capillaris patterns on runoff and soil loss. The quantitative relationships between runoff/sediment yield and vegeta- tion parameters were also thoroughly analyzed using the path analysis method for identifying the reduction mechanism of vegetation on soil erosion. A simulated rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h was applied on a control plot without vegetation(C0) and on the other three different vegetation distribution patterns: a checkerboard pattern(CP), a banded pattern perpendicular to the slope direction(BP), and a single long strip parallel to the slope direction(LP). Each patterned plot received two sets of experiments, i.e. intact plants and roots only, respectively. All treatments had three replicates. The results showed that all the three other different patterns(CP, BP and LP) of A. capillaris could effectively reduce the runoff and sediment yield. Compared with C0, the other three intact plant plots had a 12%–25% less runoff and 58%–92% less sediment. Roots contributed more to sediment reduction(46%–70%), whereas shoots contributed more to runoff reduction(57%–81%). BP and CP exhibited preferable controlling effects on soil erosion compared with LP. Path analysis indicated that root length density and plant number were key pa- rameters influencing runoff rate, while root surface area density and root weight density were central indicators affecting sediment rate. The results indicated that an appropriate increase of sowing density has practical signifi- cance in conserving soil and water.     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and Hereford beef cattle breeds in Kenya

This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist.     

Efficacy of N2O2 donor schiff bases and their Zn2+ complexes on various morphological and biochemical parameters of Cicer arietinum L.

Schiff-base polydentate ligands types of salen and salophen can form stable complexes with Zn²⁺ and these metal complexes can act as a source of zinc (Zn) to plant's body if they are used as micronutrient supplements. Inspired by these facts, four different Schiff-base ligands and their Zn²⁺ complexes were first synthesized and then characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. To investigate their effects local chickpea seeds were treated with each ligands and complexes and different morphological and biochemical parameters were monitored. Among all the complexes and ligands it was found that the C4 complex, that is, [N,N'-(o-phenylene)bis-(3-methoxysalicylidenediamine)] monohydrate showed the maximum efficacy when treated as a micronutrient supplement for Cicer arietinum L. So that these complexes especially the C4 can act as an potential source of Zn.     

太湖不同污染程度底泥对磷滞留能力的比较

磷(P)是湖泊富营养化的限制性营养元素,而沉积物是湖泊营养物质的重要蓄积库,沉积物对P的滞留能力是决定湖泊自净能力的重要因素。采用室内有机玻璃圆柱装置,研究了太湖两种污染程度不同的底泥对P的滞留能力。结果表明,污染程度较轻的黄泥在实验期间对P的最大滞留量为28.365μmol·m-2,污染程度较重的黑泥最大滞留量仅为9.321μmol·m-2,两种底泥对P的滞留具有极显著的差异(P<0.01)。与实验初期相比,实验末期黄泥中总磷增加0.06%,而在黑泥中却减少0.02%,黄泥对P的滞留能力远远大于黑泥。     

Influence of Aggregate Size,Electrolyte Concentration,and Sodium Adsorption Ratio on Crack Parameters of a Vertisol

Shrinking–swelling and crack formation influence soil physical behavior and productivity. Soil factors affecting crack formation and dimensions are clay content and mineralogy, aggregate stability as well as total concentration (C_t), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution. Tillage intensity, which determines aggregate size, may also play a significant role in crack formation and dimensions. In the present work, total length, mean width, total area, and cover percentage of cracks were studied, under laboratory conditions, in beds of two aggregate sizes (<1 and 2–1 mm) of a Vertisol. The beds were saturated, equilibrated with sodium chloride (NaCl)/calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solutions of C_t 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mmol/L and SARs 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 (mmol/L)^1/2, and allowed to air‐dry. After air‐drying, pictures of the samples were taken and used for the calculation of crack parameters by a scanning program. The results showed that aggregate size was the dominant factor determining the crack parameters: the cracks formed in beds of aggregates <1 mm were wider and of a smaller total length, total area, and cover percentage (p < 0.05) than those cracks formed in beds of aggregates 2–1 mm in size. It was also determined that changes of C_t resulted in a greater influence on crack characteristics than changes of SAR in the equilibrating solutions.     

长春花感染橡胶丛枝病原后几项生理参数的变化

长春花感染橡胶丛枝病原后，叶片的生理参数发生变化：（１）蛋白质、氨基酸、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降；（２）光合速率下降、呼吸速率上升；（３）脯氨酸含量下降、纤维素酶活性上升；（４）过氧化物酶活性下降、同工酶谱发生变化；（５）相对透性增加；（６）蛋白质凝胶电泳谱带发生变化，其中染色最深的一个主要谱带，推测是催化ＣＯ２固定的二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶蛋白带，随病情加重而明显减弱。     

植质钵育秧盘蒸汽烘干工艺参数的优化研究

以植质钵育秧盘试样为研究对象,以YXQ-LS-50SⅡ立式电热压力蒸汽灭菌器作为烘干设备,对植质钵育秧盘蒸汽烘干工艺参数进行优化研究。通过单因素试验,确定了试样成分配比、烘干时间以及烘干温度为主要影响因素,给出了各因素取值范围。通过正交试验,分析得出各因素对评价指标的影响程度,得到了最佳工艺参数(即成分配比)为62%:20%:3%:15%,烘干时间为16h,烘干温度为125℃。     

Effect of the Depth of Insertion of the Thermometer on the Rectal Temperature of Donkeys During the Hot-Dry Season in a Tropical Savannah

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the depth of insertion and environmental parameters on the rectal temperature (RT) in donkeys during the hot-dry season in a tropical savannah zone of Nigeria. The experimental subjects were comprised of thirty donkeys divided into three groups based on age: group I, 10 foals (40.67 ± 2.20 kg; 1.50 ± 0.02 months); group II, 10 yearlings (91.53 ± 0.54 kg; 1.51 ± 0.01 years); and group III, 10 adults (140 ± 0.71 kg; 8.03 ± 0.06 years). Each group was divided into 5 male and 5 female donkeys. Measurements of the RT were recorded with a digital thermometer probe (model HI935007, Hanna Instruments), which was inserted into the rectum at varying depths of 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 cm in the same animal in each group. There was a gradual increase in the RT in donkeys as the depth of insertion was increased from 3.5 cm (36.60°C) to 14 cm (38.40°C). Data obtained from the study were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test to compare mean values between different depths of RT measurements. Overall, there was a variation in the RT by the depth of insertion with the shallow depth of 3.5 cm having a lower RT than the depths of 7, 10.5, and 14 cm. The variation of the RT observed in donkeys showed that there is need to standardize the probe-insertion depth in veterinary clinical practice for accurate measurement of the RT in donkeys in the Northern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria.