植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。     

葡萄利用结果枝副梢二次结果栽培试验

摘要：在桂林葡萄产区开展利用结果枝副梢促花二次结果的栽培试验,总结在新梢生长期喷多效唑（或矮壮素）、对新梢重度修剪促进冬芽提早萌发是整齐促放葡萄二茬果的关键技术,观测了二茬果果品品质和效益,提出了生产二茬果注意的技术问题。     

复合蛋白对肉牛生产性能和血液指标的影响

西门塔尔杂交公牛36头,随机分为3组,每组12头。对照组使用牛场原有的预混料及其推荐配方,试验组使用复合蛋白替代蛋白质饲料,比例分别为试验1组6%、试验2组10%。分别测定日增重、饲料转化率,血液指标,消化率并进行饲喂效益分析。结果表明:试验1组和试验2组日增重比对照组分别提高2.1%和11.6%,且差异显著(P<0.05);试验1组和试验2组料肉比比对照组分别降低1.9%(P>0.05)和显著降低10.4%(P<0.05);血液指标和养分消化率变化不大,差异不显著(P>0.05);饲喂净效益试验2组比对照组提高71%。说明合理剂量复合蛋白替代日粮中豆粕等蛋白饲料,不但不降低肉牛生产性能,而且还可以提高日增重,降低料肉比,增长效益。     

大豆玉米带状复合种植全程机械化专用机具研制现状与趋势

围绕大豆玉米带状复合种植种、管、收全程机械化,以大豆玉米一体化播种机、同步分带喷杆喷雾机、大豆玉米一体化收获机等同步作业专用机具,以及高地隙玉米收获机、小型窄幅收获机等分步适用机具为研究对象,根据近年来研制试验和推广应用情况,深入分析总结各类专用机具的技术特点、研发生产、试验验证、推广应用和注意事项,掌握当前专用机具发展现状,从提高作业效益、作业质量、适应性、关键结构等方面明确机具研发趋势,为大豆玉米带状复合种植全程化机械化发展奠定基础。围绕机具改进熟化与推广应用,从同播同熟品种选育、关键技术科研攻关、鉴定评价方法制定、适用机具机型遴选、试验示范推广和全程机械化模式凝练等方面提出建议。     

青海省民和县土地利用景观生态格局动态分析

为研究青海省民和县近20年景观分布规律及其土地利用程度问题,在GIS技术的支持下,将青海省民和县作为研究对象,选用2000、2010、2020年的全球地表覆盖数据GlobeLand30,基于GlobeLand30分类系统,构建分类体系,并通过土地类型转移矩阵得到20年来研究区各景观类型面积及其变化情况,最后利用Fragstats4景观分析软件选取9个主要景观指标,对民和县的景观格局进行斑块类型和景观水平的对比分析。结果表明：（1）面积增加最多的是人造地表,耕地面积减少最多,耕地转化为人造地表的趋势尤为明显;（2）草地和耕地的破碎化程度最高,湿地破碎化程度较小;（3）土地利用程度指数整体上升,土地利用效果明显。进行景观生态格局动态分析对区域的土地利用规划有重要的作用,可为其生态环境保护提供参考。     

气调包装复合保鲜技术在水产品保鲜中的应用现状

水产品营养价值高,含有多种氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质等营养素而脂肪含量相对较低,深受人们喜爱,也是中国居民膳食指南中的重要组成部分。水产品中由于水分、蛋白质等成分含量丰富,极易在微生物和内源酶的作用下发生蛋白质、脂肪等的降解或氧化而腐败变质,从而缩短了货架期,降低了商业价值。气调包装保鲜技术是指通过使用高阻隔性能的复合包装材料,并调整食品贮藏环境中的气体组成来改善食品贮藏品质并延长货架期的技术,因其安全性高、保鲜效果好而被广泛应用于水产品保鲜领域中,本文总结了近几年气调包装复合其他保鲜技术(低温、紫外杀菌、臭氧处理、超高压处理、化学保鲜剂、生物保鲜剂)在水产品保鲜领域中的应用,旨在为气调包装在水产品保鲜中的进一步应用提供理论依据。已有的研究表明该复合技术能有效地降低水产品贮藏末期微生物总数、挥发性盐基氮、三甲胺、生物胺等指标,并维持较高的感官评分、水分含量、鲜度值,可有效延长水产品的货架期,未来可以从气调包装复合保鲜技术的抑菌机理、理化指标变化机理、包装材料及模式等方面展开深入研究。     

顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术分析千层金叶片的挥发性成分

[目的]为了探究千层金叶片挥发性物质的种类,[方法]本文采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-气质联用(GC-MS)技术分析、鉴定了千层金叶片的挥发性成分,研究结果和采用水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)提取的千层金叶片精油进行比较。[结果]研究结果表明,千层金叶片采用HS-SPME提取,总共检测出76种挥发性物质,占总峰面积的97.28%;采用HD提取的千层金叶片精油,总共检测出37种挥发性物质,占总峰面积的99.67%;HS-SPME提取的千层金叶片的挥发物质主要包括醚类、烃类、酯类、醇类、酚类、醛类等,其中醚类所占的相对含量最大,主要成分为甲基丁香酚,相对含量达到72.42%以上;HD法提取的千层金叶片精油中,最主要成分甲基丁香酚的相对含量达到91.48%。[结论]千层金叶片精油中含有这么高含量的甲基丁香酚,在植物保护上具有极大的潜在利用价值。     

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.     

Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.