基于Bacillus cereus 3BS1的生物肥研究

[目的]本研究主要目的是探索海藻酸钠细菌颗粒生物肥最佳基材配方,对此种生物肥在贮存及应用中的性质及土壤中降解特性进行研究。[方法]生物肥最佳包埋基材的筛选,细菌计数法研究生物肥在4℃和室温条件下贮存时细菌活性的变化情况,通过生物肥直径变化研究其在土壤中的生物降解情况。[结果]研究表明,基材配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉的生物肥,能够达到最佳构形及最高细菌活性,与未加入大米粉的1.5%纯海藻酸盐基材相比,细菌包含率最高,为112.3%,且在贮存过程中能够保持细菌的高活性。此生物肥埋在土壤中3 cm深时降解最快,11 d可完全降解。[结论]获得一种低成本、实用、高效的生物肥,基材最佳配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉。     

基于层次分析法的食用菌电商平台营销系统的改进模型

针对食用菌电商平台营销策略的改进问题,基于层次分析法,设计了食用菌电商平台营销策略评价指标体系,并结合模糊综合评价模型对该评价体系进行了定量和定性分析,构建了评价模型。该评价模型能够科学、全面地反映食用菌电商平台的营销能力和发展情况,对提高食用菌企业和电商平台的营销能力具有重要意义。     

常利率通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型

考虑常利率及通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型,运用鞅方法得到破产概率满足的Lundberg不等式和一般公式,当保费和索赔服从指数分布和混合指数分布时,得到破产概率的精确表达式。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱法同时测定饲料中4种抗氧化剂

本文建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化(GPC)-气相色谱法(GC)同时测定饲料中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)、叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和乙氧喹(EQ)4种抗氧化剂方法。4种抗氧化剂在10～400mg/L时与峰面积有良好的线性关系(r2>0.9999),检出限(3S/N)为0.37～0.46 mg/kg,添加回收率为82.7%～98.8%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.7%～4.3%。     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

Segment-based coancestry,additive relationship and genetic variance within and between the Norwegian and the Swedish Fjord horse populations

ABSTRACT

The Fjord horse originates from Norway but forms a global population due to several small populations in foreign countries. There exists no information about the additive relationship and the genetic variance between these subpopulations. By collecting blood samples from Norwegian and Swedish Fjord horses, a sample of 311 Norwegian and 102 Swedish horses gave 485,918 SNPs available for analysis. Their inbreeding coefficients were calculated and compared to the pairwise coancestry and the shared genomic segments. The effective population size was almost similar with the two methods in the Norwegian Fjord horse population (63 and 71), but very different in the Swedish population (269 and 1136) and unprecise due to a much smaller number of observations. The study showed that coancestry from shared genomic segments can be used to estimate additive genetic relationship and genetic variation within and between the global populations of the Fjord horse.     

基于模糊数学的洲滩人工林复合经营模式多功能评价

在资料查询、专家咨询获取各种模式林分相关信息的基础上,选择华容县5种当地典型的杨树人工林复合经营模式,共设置20块样地,对相应指标进行实地调查,从生态效益、经济效益、社会效益三个方面筛选评价指标,构建了洲滩人工林复合经营的综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判法对5种杨树人工林经营模式进行了评价。评价结果表明:5种杨树人工林复合经营模式的生态、经济、社会综合效益评价优劣排序为林-菜模式(0.631 3)林-菌模式(0.611 8)林-药模式(0.488 3)林-草模式(0.475 2)纯林模式(0.456 7)。无论从生态功能、经济功能、社会功能还是从综合效益来看,研究区人工林复合经营模式都优于纯林模式。     

Nitrous oxide emission from a transplanted rice field in alluvial soil as influenced by management of nitrogen fertiliser

We investigated nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from an irrigated rice field over two years to evaluate the management of nitrogenous fertiliser and its effect on reducing emissions. Four forms of nitrogenous fertilisers: NPK at the recommended application rate, starch–urea matrix (SUM) + PK, neem‐coated urea + PK and urea alone (urea without coating) were used. Gas samples were collected from the field at weekly intervals with the static chamber technique. N₂O emissions from different treatments ranged from 11.58 to 215.81 N₂O‐N μg/m²/h, and seasonal N₂O emissions from 2.83 to 3.89 kg N₂O‐N/ha. Compared with other fertilisers, N₂O emissions were greatest after the application of the conventional NPK fertiliser. Moreover, SUM + PK reduced total N₂O emissions by 22.33% (P < 0.05) compared with NPK during the rice‐growing period (P < 0.05). The results indicate a strong correlation between N₂O emissions and soil organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass and photosynthesis (P < 0.05). The application of SUM + PK in rice fields is suitable as a means of reducing N₂O emissions without affecting grain production.     

添加复合酶对临武鸭瓜尔豆胚芽养分、氨基酸和能量利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究添加复合酶对临武鸭瓜尔豆胚芽养分、氨基酸和能量利用率的影响。试验选用24只体重2.0 kg左右的健康成年临武鸭公鸭,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸭。采用绝食强饲-全收粪法进行代谢试验。1、2组试验鸭每只强饲60 g/d饲粮,2组饲粮中添加250 mg/kg的复合酶,3组强饲60 g/d无氮饲粮。测定添加复合酶对临武鸭瓜尔豆胚芽中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)和17种氨基酸的表观利用率、真可利用率、表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME)。结果表明,临武鸭对瓜尔豆胚芽DM、CP、EE、CF和能量的真可利用率分别为67.07%、67.57%、65.52%、82.88%和77.39%,AME和TME分别为11.34和13.31 MJ/kg,17种氨基酸的真可利用率为67.72%~93.70%;添加复合酶使临武鸭的DM、CP、EE、CF和能量的真可利用率分别提高了5.23%、8.02%、5.80%、3.66%和3.31%(P0.05),AME和TME分别提高了3.97%和3.27%(P0.05),17种氨基酸的真可利用率提高了1.73%~11.62%,其中丝氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的真可利用率显著提高(P0.05)。由此可知,添加含有蛋白酶和非淀粉多糖酶的复合酶能够提高临武鸭对瓜尔豆胚芽中养分、氨基酸和能量的利用率。     

持续被动运动通过抑制软骨细胞NO合成下调MMP-1和MMP-13表达

目的：观察持续被动运动（CPM）和补充一氧化氮（NO）供体——硝酸甘油（NG）对兔骨关节炎（OA）模型中软骨基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）和MMP-13表达以及NO含量的影响，探讨CPM下调MMPs的可能机制。方法：30只3~4月龄雄性新西兰大白兔，其中6只进行假手术作为正常对照组（NC组），另外24只建立膝关节OA模型，术后随机分为4组，即OA对照组（OA组）、OA硝酸甘油给药组（NG组）、OA持续被动运动组（CPM组）、OA持续被动运动+硝酸甘油给药组（CPM+NG组），每组各6只。NC组和OA组不作处理，NG组给予NG软膏膝关节局部涂抹，CMP组在CPM训练仪上进行膝关节持续被动运动，CMP+NG组即在运动干预的同时给予NG局部涂抹。4周后取各组软骨组织，硝酸还原酶法测定NO含量，HE染色观察软骨形态学变化并进行Mankin''s评分，实时荧光定量PCR（RQ-PCR）检测MMP-1和MMP-13 mRNA水平，免疫组织化学法测定MMP-1和MMP-13蛋白表达量。结果：NO含量、Mankin''s评分以及MMP-1和MMP-13 mRNA和蛋白水平在OA组明显高于NC组（P<0.01），NG组高于OA组（P<0.01），CPM组低于OA组和NG组（P<0.01），CPM+NG组低于NG组（P<0.01），但高于CPM组（P<0.01）。结论：CPM通过抑制软骨细胞NO合成下调MMP-1和MMP-13表达，进而对软骨细胞起保护作用。