农作物优化灌溉制度及水资源分配模型的研究进展

阐述了国内外优化灌溉制度及灌溉水资源在单一作物和多作物间优化分配模型的研究进展,分析 了目前水资源优化分配模型研究中存在的仅考虑经济效益而忽略生态环境效益、农业用水效率较低、模型中指数 取值研究不足等问题,提出了今后在农作物水资源优化分配模型的相应研究中,应考虑多目标规划模型及生态影 响目标,并运用决策支持系统来进行水资源优化,发展多作物优化组合及优化配水模型,从而为确定区域节水模式 和水资源承载能力及生态环境改良提供更有力的科学依据。     

井渠结合灌溉类型区多水源联网优化调度模式研究

针对丘陵地区灌溉水源分散、灌溉保证率低、农业缺水严重、生态环境恶化等突出问题,将多水源联网工程技术与优化调度技术相结合,建立了井渠结合灌区多水源联网优化调度模型,大大提高了灌区水资源的利用效率和灌溉保证率。采用该技术及其他节水措施后,威海井渠结合节水示范区全部耕地可得到灌溉,灌溉后的粮食产量由原来的9000 kg/hm2提高到11550 kg/hm2,示范区平均增产25%。经济、社会与环境效益显著。     

城市化与“三农”问题及云南的路径选择

通过阐述城市化和"三农"问题的特点以及城市化对"三农"的影响进行分析探讨,并结合云南"三农"发展现状提出了云南城市化是解决"三农"问题的重要途径,提出了建设五级核心城市带动辐射周边的城市化发展思路和重点加大农村小城镇建设对促进云南农业、农村、农民发展的建议。     

广西草地资源开发利用策略初探

对广西草地的类型，数量，载畜能力及基本特征进行了论述，提出了合理开发利用草地资源的五条措施。     

湖南早稻的增产潜力与发展对策

分析了湖南早稻生产滑坡的原因，并从品种（组合）和栽培技术方面分析了湖南早稻的增产潜力及提出了今后发展的对策。     

Growing vegetables in developing countries for local urban populations and export markets: problems confronting small-scale producers

Vegetables attract high applications of pesticides, and farmers in developing countries use many acutely toxic insecticides to control pests on these crops. With the liberalisation of agricultural markets in developing countries, the number of small-scale farmers growing vegetables for both domestic and export markets is increasing. Demand for supplies of year-round and exotic fruit and vegetables has grown in industrialised countries, but with rising quality standards and traceability requirements it is difficult for small-scale farmers to benefit from this lucrative non-traditional agricultural export trade. The demand is high for vegetables in the expanding cities in developing countries, and farmers in peri-urban areas, or rural areas with good access to the cities, are in a position to find a growing market for their produce. Poor storage facilities will often mean that farmers are forced to sell at peak times when prices are low. Farmers rarely have access to training in pesticide use, and have only limited or no access to advice on the complicated management of pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN is concerned about high levels of poor quality and adulterated pesticides on sale in developing countries. Surveys repeatedly show that without training, farmers are unable to make good crop decisions: recognition of pests and their predators is generally low, leading to decisions to spray to kill any insect; knowledge of product selection, application rates and timing is poor; different products are often combined in the belief that the effect will be greater; re-entry periods after spraying and essential harvest intervals are not known; and without knowledge of alternatives, farmers will often assume that the only solution to pest problems is to spray more frequently. From a consumer's point of view, few developing countries are able to monitor pesticide residues, particularly for produce grown for home consumption: most countries do not have laboratories for even simple residue testing. Changes in European Maximum Residue Limits means that export crops will be rejected if they contain residues at the Limit of Detection of pesticides not registered in Europe. Season-long field level training in Integrated Pest Management can help farmers to become better decision-makers, and to greatly reduce pesticide use while reducing risks to their own health and environment, producing safer products for consumers, maintaining yields, and increasing incomes.     

基于移动Agent的网格计算管理模型研究

基于当前的移动aget问题以及网格计算特点，在前人的理论基础上,文中结合agent 技术和网格计算研究基于移动agent的网格计算管理模型，运用系统中各个元素进行agent 建模。介绍移动agent 技术，以及网格计算管理模型应具备的特征，最后提出基于移动Agent 的网格计算管理模型来解决网格中资源管理，作业调度，负载平衡的问题。仿真结果表明,基于agent 的网格计算管理模型仿真能够细致地刻画系统特性，降低系统对网络带宽的严格要求，同时也缩短时间延迟，提高服务响应速度。     

Dynamics of Betula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

lntroductionNotonIyaretimberIinesthemostconspicuousvegetationboundaryinhighmountains,buttheyareaIsoanimportantecologicaIboundary(Bruce1996,Thomas1997).NowondersthenthosetimberIineshaveaIwaysattractedresearchersforbothscientificandpracticaIreasons.InChangbaiMountain,forexample,therestorationoftheclimatictimberlineandestabIishmentofanedectiveprotectiveforestarethetWoprincipalobjectivesofhigh-mountainfor-estmanagement.AIsointhisconnection,thepotentiaIresponseoftimberlinestoexpectedclimaticc…     

甘肃农业机械化发展历程及发展方向的研究

依据甘肃农业机械化的发展实际,将甘肃农业机械化的发展历程分为农业生产与农具恢复、农业机械化示范推广与水利抗旱、有计划大规模的发展、改革开放与结构调整及面向市场全面发展五个阶段。与发达国家的农业机械化发展相比较,农业机械化综合水平和科技应用贡献率仍存在较大差距。根据目前甘肃农业机械化的发展水平,针对性地提出了今后甘肃农业机械化可持续发展的重点是玉米、薯类生产机械化、农产品加工机械化、旱作节水机械化及畜牧业生产机械化。     

知识经济与洛阳经济可持续发展

知识经济时代，洛阳经济可持续发展战略应该是：加大教育科研改革，全面实施“科教兴洛”战略，夯实知识经济的基础产业；扩大农业的知识资本投入量，促进农业产业化、企业化、资本化经营，实现农业知识化和现代化；得用新技术成果，对传统工业进行知识化改造，着力营造一批高新技术产亚，推动洛阳产业结构全面升级和优化。