Predicting the distributions of suitable habitat for three larch species under climate warming in Northeastern China

The larch (Larix) genus is the most important species group in the forest ecosystems in Northeastern China, occupying about 25% of the forest areas. The high tolerance to coldness and relatively fast growth rate make this genus the main species group for forestation. According to the predictions of the global circulation model CGCM3, temperature could rise by 2–4 °C over the next 100 years. Few studies have been conducted on the response of larch species to climate warming in Northeastern China. Such studies are becoming increasingly needed due to the economic and ecological significance of this genus. This paper studies the potential distribution ranges of three larch species under the current and the warming climate conditions. A new classification and regression tree technique, Random Forest, was used to investigate the potential distributions of three larch species, based on 18 environmental variables which reflect the climate, topography and soil conditions of Northeastern China. The results showed that the biological coldness index (BCI) is the most important factor for Dahurian larch, annual precipitation (AP) is the most important factor for Korean larch and elevation (DEM) is the most important factor for Prince Rupprecht larch.     

Genetic variation in minerals,crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India

Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50 N to 29°55 N latitude and 69°49 E to 78°03 E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10 N latitude, 75°46 E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p<0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.     

新造林中的防火隔离带建设

新造林中防火隔离带分为天然防火隔离带;植物防火隔离带;防火林道,人工防火线等4种。在具体布设上则分为林中防火、林线防火、山脊防火、境界防火、铁路沿线、林区房屋隔离带6种。     

三峡库区秭归段水位消落带草本植物多样性分析

目的 研究消落带草本植物多样性的梯度变化和空间分布特征,进而认识消落带植物的生态适应性,为分析和保护消落带生物多样性提供依据。 方法 通过对三峡库区秭归段消落带145～175 m内草本物种的调查,对经历5次干湿动态变化后消落带草本植物的群落类型及物种多样性进行研究。 结果 表明：2014年该区共有草本植物39种,隶属15科27属,以菊科、禾本科、廖科和大戟科植物为主;2019年该区共有草本植物47种,隶属18科39属,菊科种类最多,为消落带优势科,其次为禾本科、廖科和大戟科植物。在过去5年中,1年生草本植物毛马唐、狗尾草、稗、苍耳、鬼针草和多年生草本植物狗牙根、香附子等均有较大的重要值,为主要优势物种,秭归消落带植物群落优势种和伴生种的丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度在各水位梯度带上变化明显,群落物种丰富度随水位高程梯度145～175 m呈先上升后下降的趋势。 结论 消落带植物多样性的变化是由于高程差异造成的淹水时间差异而导致的生境差异。     

滨水环境景观设计研究——以湖州太湖旅游度假区为例

湖州市是一座江南古城,有着浓厚的文化底蕴.湖州太湖旅游度假区位于湖州市境内,其区域内河道网络纵横交错,产生了众多的桥梁和滨水地带.为进一步提升湖州滨湖度假区环境品质,增加度假休闲氛围,打造国内一流休闲旅游度假区,现对滨湖休闲景现带的景观设计理念进行研究探讨.     

自然保护区重要过渡带危机及对策研究——基于四川阿坝自治州理县马山村协议保护机制的调研

针对自然保护区重要过渡带管理危机,引入"协议保护"机制,解决其过渡带管理错位和不到位问题。结果显示:"协议保护"机制能有效激励社区农户和社会组织共同参与自然保护区的管理,能够缓解自然保护区过渡带生物多样性危机,维护生态系统的完整性,保障其核心区和实验区的安全,弥补自然保护区管理体制的主体缺位和管理不到位等问题。     

面向土地利用总体规划的建设用地空间管制潜在冲突检测

[目的]准确识别、检测建设用地空间管制分区与城市扩张之间的潜在冲突,以期为下一轮土地利用总体规划的实施与土地资源管理工作的开展提供理论参考与技术方法支撑。[方法]基于CA-Markov模型模拟预测了2020年江苏省常州市土地利用状况,在此基础上集成GIS空间分析技术,识别并检测了常州市2015—2020年建设用地空间管制分区与城市未来发展之间的潜在冲突区域。[结果](1)2020年常州市建设用地总量及新增量规模将分别达到规划目标的101.16%,159.97%,即会突破土地利用总体规划目标;禁止建设区内建设用地空间管制潜在冲突面积较少;(2)限制建设区内建设用地空间管制潜在冲突面积较大,约占新增建设用地面积的59.23%,其中约有59.15%的潜在冲突分布在武进区。[结论]在常州市下一轮土地利用总体规划编制与实施过程中,应重点强化对限制建设区内潜在冲突区域的管控。     

根－土界面区域磷酸盐的分布和移动: Ⅱ. 土壤水分含量和磷酸盐施用量的影响

The phosphate in the soil-root interface zone under various soil water contents and application rates of phosphate was still of depletion distribution which could be described by a power function in the form of C/Co= ax^b(C/Co is the relative content of fertilized phosphate in a distance from the root surface x, a and b are the regression constants). The depletion rate of phosphate in soil near the root surface was higher and the depletion range was narrower under lower soil moisture. On the contrary, at higher soil water content the depletion range was wider, generally. The application rate of phosphate led to the greater depletion intensity of phosphorus was higher in the heavier texture soils. In general, the depletion intensity in the soils, which decreased with increasing clay content or increasing buffering power of soil, decreased in the order as loessal soil and black lou soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil when 50 or 100 mg of phosphorus were applied in the form of KH₂PO₄. This result indicated that the phosphate distribution and its movement in the soil-root interface zone closely related with the buffering capacity of soil.     

1990-2011年南天山地区冰川面积变化对气候的响应

利用Landsat TM/ETM⁺影像资料,通过遥感图像计算机自动解译和目视解译方法得到南天山地区1990年、2000年、2011年三期冰川边界,并应用GIS技术系统研究了南天山地区冰川近21 a来的面积变化及其对气候的响应关系。结果表明:1990—2011年期间,南天山地区冰川面积变化了-13.2%。大规模冰川分解使得小规模冰川的总面积和条数均有所增加,朝西向的冰川退缩速率最大,为-15.9%。与1990—2000年时段对比发现,近10 a来,海拔大于3 800 m的冰川退缩速率加快。通过地面气象资料的分析发现,南天山地区的气温和降水均表现出增加趋势,海拔最高的巴音布鲁克站线性升温率为0.25℃/10 a,降水增幅为1.2 mm/a。与西风区其它现有研究对比,发现南天山地区冰川的强烈退缩可能主要受到气温升高的影响,降水的增加对其影响不大。此外,地形条件和冰川规模等都是影响冰川波动的重要因素。     

室内模拟实验研究中国北方不同管理方式对土壤固碳潜力的影响

Soil has been identified as a possible carbon(C) sink for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2).However,soil organic carbon(SOC) dynamics in agro-ecosystems is affected by complex interactions of various factors including climate,soil and agricultural management practices,which hinders our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.The objectives of this study were to use the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator(APSIM) model to simulate the long-term SOC dynamics under different management practices at four long-term experimental sites,Zhengzhou and Xuzhou with double cropping systems and Gongzhuling and Uriimqi with single cropping systems,located in northern China.Firstly,the model was calibrated using information from the sites and literature,and its performance to predict crop growth and SOC dynamics was examined.The calibrated model was then used to assess the impacts of different management practices,including fertilizer application,irrigation,and residue retention,on C dynamics in the top 30 cm of the soil by scenario modelling.Results indicate a significant SOC sequestration potential through improved management practices of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application,stubble retention,and irrigation.Optimal N fertilization(N_(opt)) and 100%stubble retention(R100) increased SOC by about 11.2%,208.29%,and 283.67%under irrigation at Gongzhuling,Zhengzhou,and Xuzhou,respectively.Soil organic carbon decreased rapidly at(U|¨)rumqi under irrigation,which was due to the enhanced decomposition by increased soil moisture.Under rainfed condition,SOC remained at a higher level.The combination of N_(opt) and R100 increased SOC by about 0.46%under rainfed condition at Uriimqi.Generally,agricultural soils with double cropping systems(Zhengzhou and Xuzhou) showed a greater potential to sequester C than those with single cropping systems(Gongzhuling and(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi).