滩羊土——草——畜系统中的微量元素及其意义

甘肃景泰滩羊典型产区草地土壤中含有Ｂｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｂａ、Ｍｎ、Ｇａ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｙｂ等１５种微量元素。草地混合牧草吸其中的１３种,其中Ｙｂ显著减少,缺少了Ｂｅ和Ｃｏ。羊毛中微量元素的种类和含量变化很大并且复杂。滩羊成年母羊毛中只含Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ等４种元素,而二毛期即１月龄羔羊毛中含有Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｒ、Ａｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｏ和Ｙ     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

一起违规使用餐厨泔水喂养生猪案的评析

2017年8月,青岛市某区动物卫生监督所监督检查发现,B养殖场使用饭店泔水喂养生猪。经立案调查,违法事实确实,依据《畜牧法》《青岛市无规定动物疫病区管理条例》等相关规定,依法给予了1 000元行政处罚。本文对法律法规的适用,泔水处理联防联控及强化普法宣传教育等内容进行了思考,着重分析了泔水喂猪传播非洲猪瘟的原因,坚持疏堵结合,提升泔水处置能力,引导养殖场(户)科学养殖。     

基于格点积温指标的黄淮海冬麦区冬小麦气候生产潜力预估

为宏观了解冬小麦产量及产量稳定度的变化规律,基于1991-2013年黄淮海冬麦区91个有冬小麦种植的农业气象站点的冬小麦发育期及对应年份100个气象站点逐日气象资料,采用格点积温指标划分生育期,通过逐步订正法对冬小麦的气候生产潜力及其变异系数进行估算,之后结合国家气候中心RegCM3模式模拟A1B情景下1951-2100年0.25°×0.25°格点气象资料,对未来情景下冬小麦气候生产潜力及其变异系数进行预估。结果表明,从年际变化看,黄淮海冬麦区冬小麦气候生产潜力总体呈现波动下降的趋势,且该波动逐渐趋稳;各时段气候生产潜力基本介于6 277~7 044kg·hm~(-2),除2011-2040年有21.94kg·hm~(-2)·10a~(-1)的上升趋势外,其余时段均呈明显下降趋势。冬小麦气候生产潜力在空间上总体呈北部低、四周高,在时间上主要呈先平稳后逐渐降低的趋势;其变异系数在空间上总体呈北高南低,在时间上呈北部先增后减、南部先减后增的变化趋势。在实际生产过程中应更加注重冬小麦生长发育过程中光、温、水的匹配程度。     

我国亚热带山地丘陵区特征及开发中的有关问题

我国亚热带山地丘陵区，山多地少、人口众多、经济基础薄弱，生态环境严重恶化，障碍着区内经济的发展，区内开发应按照以下几个方面搞好：１、协调山－林－地－人的关系；２．调整粮食－林牧－融渔关系；３．改善生产－生活－生态环境。４．提高生态－经济－社会效益。     

干湿交替条件下土壤磷释放及其与土壤性质的关系

通过四川瀑布沟水电站消落区典型土壤磷释放室内模拟试验,研究淹水及干湿交替条件下消落区土壤性质变化情况以及土壤性质与磷释放之间的关系,以期为预防水库水体富营养化,水库消落区合理利用与科学制定管理对策提供参考。结果表明：淹水能够提高土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）含量,淹水风干后土壤Feox含量降低至淹水前的水平;淹水后Feox变化幅度为：旱地〉水田〉果园,紫色土〉冲积土。土壤磷吸持饱和度（DPS）与无定形铁铝氧化物Alox密切相关;土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）淹水时最高增加至2 758.01 mg/kg,土壤淹水后Qm、土壤最大缓冲容量（MBC）、土壤吸磷指数（PSI）值升高;淹水能够明显提高土壤的磷素缓冲容量、土壤的最大缓冲能力和吸附能力、土壤磷的保持率,其原因也是与淹水后土壤无定形铁铝氧化物含量大幅度增加有关;通过主成分分析,土壤磷释放能力主要与土壤磷水平和土壤吸磷能力有关,且主要指标包括土壤有机质含量（OM）、土壤有效磷含量（Olsen-P）、土壤磷保持率（f）、土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）、土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）、土壤活性氧化铝（Alox）等,说明四川省瀑布沟水电站消落区土壤存在较大的磷释放风险。     

Differences in the geographic distribution of lymphoma subtypes in Golden retrievers in the USA

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine differences in the geographic distribution of two distinct subtypes of canine lymphoma (CL), B‐cell lymphoma (BCL) and T‐zone lymphoma (TZL), in the USA while accounting for heritable risks associated with the outcome of disease through inclusion of only one breed of dog. This study included 454 Golden retrievers and associations between geographic areas of the USA and the phenotypic variant of lymphoma were examined using multivariable logistic regression. There was a detectable difference in the geographic distribution of BCL and TZL with dogs in the Northeast [odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–7.0] and East North Central regions (OR = 12.1, 95%CI = 3.6–40.5) being more likely to be diagnosed with TZL as compared to dogs in the Mountain region of the USA. The finding of non‐random geographic distribution of lymphoma subtypes suggest that environmental risk factors may contribute to the development of different types of CL.     

海拔和坡向对北亚热带檫木天然次生林生长、空间结构和树种组成的影响

基于对北亚热带檫木天然次生林的野外调查和数据分析,研究了海拔和坡向对檫木生长、空间结构和树种组成等方面的影响。结果表明:在海拔1 000 m以上山地,檫木的胸径和树高生长量及胸径/树高均差于海拔1 000 m以下的山地,人工林造林地选择宜在海拔1 000 m以下;随阳坡→半阳坡→半阴坡→阴坡坡位变化,檫木生长量和胸径/树高呈逐渐减小趋势。阳坡和半阳坡差异不显著,是理想的檫木造林坡向;檫木纯林或者混交林可以采用均匀造林模式。在海拔500 m以下阳坡,可以实现混交增产造林树种的混交伴生树种为杉木、香樟和枫香;在海拔500 m以下半阳坡,混交伴生树种为杉木、亮叶桦、枫香和枳椇;在海拔500~1 000 m的阳坡山地,混交伴生树种为甜槠、枫香和木荷;在海拔500~1 000 m的半阳坡山地,混交伴生树种为木荷、麻栎、杜英、枫香和紫茎。初步解决了北亚热带山地檫木分布区划分、空间结构变化及互利混交树种等问题,可以为檫木人工造林的林地选择、造林模式和混交伴生树种选取等方面提供理论依据。