Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape

Abstract –  Home ranges are central to understanding habitat diversity, effects of fragmentation and conservation. The distance that an organism moves yields information on life history, genetics and interactions with other organisms. Present theory suggests that home range is set by body size of individuals. Here, we analyse estimates of home ranges in lakes and rivers to show that body size of fish and water body size and shape influence home range size. Using 71 studies including 66 fish species on five continents, we show that home range estimates increased with increasing water body size across water body shapes. This contrasts with past studies concluding that body size sets home range. We show that water body size was a consistently significant predictor of home range. In conjunction, body size and water body size can provide improved estimates of home range than just body size alone. As habitat patches are decreasing in size worldwide, our findings have implications for ecology, conservation and genetics of populations in fragmented ecosystems.     

The importance of fine-scale savanna heterogeneity for reptiles and small mammals

Tropical savannas are an important reservoir of global biodiversity. Australia’s extensive savannas, although still largely intact, are experiencing substantial declines in terrestrial biodiversity due to a variety of interrelated effects of altered fire regimes, grazing and increases in invasive species. These disturbance processes are spatially variable, combine to increase landscape to local-scale landscape heterogeneity, but rarely result in well-defined patch boundaries. We quantified the importance of this heterogeneity for native reptile and small mammal species in a tropical savanna landscape of Queensland, Australia. We used high resolution remote sensing imagery (IKONOS) to map habitat pattern at a 4 m spatial resolution and at variable extents. We found that landscapes dominated by grass or bare ground had low reptile and small mammal diversity, while landscapes with a heterogeneous mix of grass, bare ground and trees had high species diversity and relative abundance of most species. Landscape heterogeneity may increase reptile and small mammal species richness by: (i) increasing the variety and abundance of foraging resources such as seeds and invertebrates; (ii) providing cover from predators and high summer temperatures; and (iii) increasing functional connectivity and dispersal success. The importance of these resources and processes varies among individual species and at different spatial scales, reiterating the need to consider habitat requirements of multiple species in landscape management and conservation planning.     

食品生物技术小规模实训基地建设与运行研究

食品生物技术小规模实训基地是食品生物技术专业学生的校内实训场所,在实现人才培养目标中起着重要作用。综述了四川工商职业技术学院食品生物技术小规模实训基地建设与应用的现状、存在问题和解决途径。     

Electronegativity Scale of Elements Calculated by Density Functional Theory and Related Methods

In chemistry and many related fields, electronegativity (EN) is an important fundamental concept and its scale is a useful physcochemical parameter. Here, calculations of both ionization potentials and electron affinities are extended toward 107 elements and done by density functional theory at the local density approximation(LDA) level and the LDB level, i.e., the local density approximation level with further non-local corrections for exchange and correlation included self-consistently as well as the modified Slater transition-state method. The definite-differentiation method is employed into calculations of the electronegativity scale and the related parameters of 107 elements with very good results due to the consideration of relativistic effects. The calculation presented is to examine both the LDA and LDB approximations in calculations for the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements with an improved or modified Slater transition-state method, and relativistic effects have also been taken into account for 107 elements compared with 103, 86 or less in the previous report under a spin polarized density function theory with some approximations to the exchange-correlation function. The calculation results for the various quantities represent an obviously improvement over some previous calculations. It is shown that the results calculated by the extended technique and the improved Slater transition-state method in general agree well with experimental values presented by Pearson, and are better than the reported values in many previous literatures. The developed new electronegativity scale will widely be applicable in many fields such as molecular structural parameterization expression, chemobiological activity optimization prediction, structure-activity quantitation modeling, functional chemical adaptization designing, and so on.     

Migrant labour and the politics of scale: gendering the Philippine state

The purpose of this paper is to situate the study of international labour migration, and especially the policies of labour export, within a gendered geopolitical framework. In so doing I open avenues of inquiry into the complexities of political ideologies that guide state apparatuses. Specifically, I examine how the Philippine state negotiates and operates within contradictory capitalist spaces through discourses of scale. Spatial scales are politically and socially constructed to legitimise power relations and to justify particular policies and programmes. In its support of capital accumulation, the Philippine state tends to adopt a discourse of globalisation; when confronted with charges of migrant exploitation, the Philippine state couples a discourse of the global with a discourse of the body. This corporeal discourse attempts to deflect attention and criticism away from the state, thereby maintaining its political hegemony.     

基于GF-1卫星遥感数据识别京津冀冬小麦面积

省级尺度冬小麦面积的精准获取技术是农作物面积遥感监测研究的主要内容之一。为了获取省级尺度的冬小麦种植面积, 该文以北京市(京)、天津市(津)和河北省(冀) 3个省域范围为例, 以国家标准地形图分幅为分类的图幅单元, 利用国产GF-1/WFV数据, 构建冬小麦面积指数, 实现了省级尺度冬小麦面积的识别。本文以冬小麦全部9个月生育期的984景影像作为数据源, 依次经过数据预处理、标准图幅单元的NDVI合成、样本点选择、冬小麦面积指数构建、冬小麦作物类型确认、省域范围制图及精度验证等步骤完成研究区域内冬小麦面积的提取。采用区域网平差和6S大气校正算法对数据源预处理, 以中国1︰10万标准地形图分幅为分类图幅单元构建冬小麦面积指数, 将冬小麦面积指数按照1%的比例等分, 并将面积指数从0到100%分割为101个提取节点, 将提取节点的NDVI值依次与类型确认样本比较, 精度最高的则确认为冬小麦面积提取阈值, 同时将该阈值应用于图幅单元内冬小麦面积指数影像, 获取冬小麦种植分布。最后冬小麦面积识别的精度表明, 以标准地图分幅作为计算单元, 在GF-1影像基础上, 利用冬小麦面积指数能够显著提高冬小麦与其他地物类型的波谱差异, 且冬小麦的总体识别精度达到89.6%, 用户精度达到89.8%, 制图精度96.5%, Kappa系数0.72。在典型区域, 本文算法与监督分类算法精度结果较为一致, 除制图精度相差4.77%外, 总体精度与用户精度差都在1.00%以内, 说明本文算法具有精度高、运行效率高、分类单元识别结果一致性强的特点, 能够满足省级尺度农情遥感业务监测的需要。     

Exploring Harmonious Protection of Land Resources in City Construction

Urbanization in China is at an essential point in its transformation from the initial stage to accelerating stage. With quick expansion of city scale and large occupation of land for urban construction, the contradiction between land resource shortage and people's living needs becomes more and more prominent. It has great affection on the grand plan of China's sustainable development of economy and society. How to adjust the relations between the development of urban construction and protect the land resource, promote the rational use of urban land, perfect and complete the protection system of land resource for improving the efficiency of urban land use. In order to conserve land resource and find a sustainable way for development of people's living and environment construction, the above mentioned problems are the most important issue for urban construction and important subject of this paper.     

鲁西北一次农业致灾暴雨天气成因分析

为了揭示局地暴雨天气的成因,以期为此类农业灾害性天气的预报预警提供指示,笔者利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达回波资料,对鲁西北地区2012年7月4—5日暴雨天气过程的环流背景、物理量场特征和中小尺度系统进行分析。结果表明：此次暴雨的主要影响系统是高空西风槽、切变线和低空急流;聊城地区水汽通量散度所揭示的强水汽辐合时间与垂直运动发展增强时间没有很好的对应,因此此次强降水时间较短;暴雨落区与强上升运动的发展区域在空间上相关性更好;对流层低层辐合线触发了不稳定能量的释放产生暴雨;此次暴雨过程的局地特点可以用中小尺度系统进行解释,而中小尺度系统的跟踪一定程度上依赖于区域站资料的开发应用;多普勒雷达的强雷达回波单体和阵风锋能较好地解释此次局地暴雨过程,多普勒雷达产品的应用有待近一步深化研究。     

节节麦对铝的耐性评价

为了评价节节麦在普通小麦耐铝方面的应用价值,设置了pH4.50和pH4.50+50/μmol/L Al3+"以及pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+3种水培营养液处理45份节节麦.结果表明,再生根伸长量以及耐铝指数在节节麦居群间存在较大的遗传变异.再生根伸长量以pH4.50的最长,pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+的最短,pH 4.50+50μmol/L Al3+的居中.pH4.50+50μmol/L Al3+的耐铝指数变异范围为0.18～0.49,平均值为0.33.pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+的耐铝指数变异范围为0.09～0.32,平均值为0.18;节节麦材料在50μmol/L Al3+的苏木精染色除As 65和As 88的染色程度相对较轻(为2级)外,其余染色均较深(为3级),而中国春的染色程度更轻(为1级);综合耐铝指数以及苏木精染色结果认为,所有节节麦都不耐铝,发现耐铝节节麦可能性较小.因此,节节麦可能不是小麦的耐铝抗源之-.