牦牛奶渣乳酸菌对虉草青贮品质的影响

为评价牦牛奶渣乳酸茵对藕草青贮饲料发酵品质和化学成分的影响,试验设置对照组（CK）和3个不同乳酸茵含量处理组（Nzl：0．1ml·kg-1FM;NZ2：0．3ml·kg-1FM;NZ3：0．5ml·kg—FM）,青贮60d后检测发酵品质和化学成分。试验表明：不同添加剂比例对藕草青贮饲料影响不同;NZ1和NZ3处理能够显著降低祷草青贮饲料的pH（P〈0．05）,具有较高的乳酸和乙酸含量（P〈0．05）,NZ3处理的中性、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低（P〈0．05）,说明牦牛奶渣乳酸茵可以改蒿草青贮饲料的发酵品质;随着添加浓度的增加赫草青贮饲料的可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白具有显著增加趋势,中、酸性洗涤纤维具有降低趋势,说明牦牛奶渣乳酸菌能够改籍草青贮饲料的营养价值;牦牛奶渣乳酸茵的最适添加量为0．5ml·kg-1FM。     

Pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) correlation in sheep

Silicone-made tissue cages were implanted in sheep. Blood serum (SBS) and tissue cage fluid (TCF) samples were collected after amoxicillin intravenous and intramuscular administrations, at the dose of 15 mg/kg. Amoxicillin pharmacodynamics were studied in an artificial culture medium, SBS and TCF with use of a Mannheimia haemolytica and a Pasteurella multocida strain. A concentration-independent antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin was confirmed for levels higher than 0.79–1.75 × MIC. This result favored the use of the percentage of the 24 h dosing interval during which drug levels remain above MIC as the appropriate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index. The subsequent correlation revealed that intravenous administration could be considered effective against “deep” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 1 μg/mL or “shallow” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 0.1 μg/mL. Intramuscular administration could be safely considered effective against both “deep” and “shallow” infections when the MICs of the targeted pathogens are lower than 1 μg/mL.     

复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层土壤酶活性的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同种植密度与施氮量条件下,复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层(0~15 cm)土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,麦收后复种饲料油菜能显著或极显著地提高土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(APHA)、纤维素酶(CEL)和脲酶(URA)的活性,与休闲熟化地(CK)比较,最大提高幅度分别为32.15%,35.61%,78.66%和127.36%。土壤酶活性的变化与复种饲料油菜的播种量和施氮量有关,随播种量的增加土壤CAT、CEL和URA活性表现为逐渐递增态势,而土壤APHA表现为先增后减,播种量为11.5 kg/hm2时,APHA活性可达0.7888mg/g。在油菜生长的苗期,土壤APHA、CEL和URA随施氮量的增加而增加,土壤CAT则随施氮量的增加先增后降,呈单峰曲线;在生长后期(收获期),低氮量有利于土壤APHA活性的增加,中氮量有利于土壤CAT和CEL活性的增加,高氮量有利于URA活性的增加。     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

Effect of eleutheroside B/E on proliferation and expression of PPARγ and TGF-β1 in HBZY-1 cells cultured with high glucose

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of eleutheroside (ETS) B or E on the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells treated with high glucose. METHODS: The HBZY-1 cells were cultured under high glucose condition. The 4th generation of HBZY-1 cells was used for determining the optimal cell density, which was consistent with the growth regulation curve of the cells. The cells were divided into 6 groups: low glucose (LG) group, high glucose (HG) group, high glucose plus ETS-B/E (low dose, medium dose and high dose) groups, and high glucose plus losartan (LTG) group. After all cells were treated with the corresponding drugs at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rate of the proliferation was measured, and the expression of TGF-β1 and PPARγ was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The best cell density was 2 000 cells/well, which was complied with the basic rules of the cell growth, and high glucose significantly promoted the HBZY-1 cell proliferation. At each time point, the inhibitory effects of ETS-B/E were significantly different between HG group and LTG group on the proliferation of the HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited, and the expression of PPARγ was significantly promoted by ETS-B/E (P<0.05). ETS-E showed stronger effect than ETS-B (P<0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ETS-B/E significantly inhibits the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells under high glucose condition by decreasing TGF-β1 expression and promoting PPARγ expression.     

关于做好农业和农村节水工作的几点思考

农业用水占我国用水总量的 70 % ,开展和推进农业节水 ,是建立节水型社会的关键 ,也是实现我国水资源可持续利用的内在要求。要做好农业和农村节水工作 ,应当十分重视“预测预报、水资源保障、城乡供水、水污染防治、防洪减灾、计量监测、技术推广、投融资、抗旱服务、政策法规”等十大体系的建立和建设     

An Improved Method of the Transient Waveform Analysis in Power Systems

The angular frequency and decaying constant of each copmonect for the transient waveform in power systems were obtained by using the discrete Fourier transform; the amplitude and phase angle were calculated in the linear curve fitting method. And all of the parameters obtained above were treated in an unified optimization by using the curve fitting optimization of the least square method of general nonlinear funcrion so as to get the results of waveform analysis. Two examples are included.