采用孢子萌发法测定化合物对黄瓜白粉病菌的生物活性

接种黄瓜白粉菌后16 h的黄瓜叶片用透明胶带在子叶表面粘孢子取样的平均发芽率与用台盼蓝染色后在光学显微镜下调查的发芽率分别为83.7%和85.0%,t测验无显著差异,表明透明胶带取样的发芽率可以代表黄瓜叶片上白粉病菌孢子的发芽率。采用孢子萌发法和叶碟法分别测定了醚菌酯、植物源活性组分大黄素甲醚(P3D)对8个黄瓜白粉菌菌株的EC₅₀。统计结果表明:采用两种方法测定醚菌酯P、3D对黄瓜白粉菌的EC₅₀的相关系数的平方值分别为0.880、.99,表明两种方法的测定结果有很强的相关性;采用该孢子萌发法可评价化合物对植物专性寄生病菌如白粉菌孢子萌发的生物活性。     

水银行制度下水权交易综合定价研究

水银行制度实施的关键环节是确定水权在转让和交易过程中的价格。文中基于ANP模型/熵权法,提出一种在水银行制度下进行水权交易综合定价的新构思。基本思路是:基于成本核算定价法、供求定价法和收益现值定价法建立定价指标体系,运用ANP模型,通过DEMATEL方法改进内部依赖矩阵,得到水权交易定价各个因素的权重,并用熵权法对权重进行修正,最终得到各定价方法的综合权重并求得水权交易价格。这一方法综合考虑各定价方法的特点,避免定价过程中的局限性,从整体上为最终确定水权交易价格提供重要参考。     

稻水象甲发生规律与药剂试验方法的探讨

稻水象甲是国际检疫对象，已经是我国北方水稻产区最重要害虫之一，并且呈迅速蔓延之势。此虫主要借助交通工具作远距离传播。成虫危害叶片，幼虫危害根系。一年繁殖一代但有两个危害高峰。新农药田间药效试验如果针对防治成虫、幼虫或者兼治，应在相应的时间、采取不同的方法进行。     

燕麦坚黑穗病抗性鉴定两种接种方法比较及种质抗性评价

为明确燕麦坚黑穗病的发病条件与接种技术,采用菌土覆盖和菌粉混种后的分期播种法分析其适宜发病因子与接种方法,并评价162个品种的抗病性。出苗10 d以上,大气温度15℃和5 cm土层温度18℃以下时适宜发病。两种接种方式下96个皮燕麦和21个裸燕麦的抗病性一致,28个皮燕麦和17个裸燕麦菌粉拌种的抗病性低于菌土覆盖。研究表明,适期早播是确保发病和提高鉴定准确性的有效途径,适期晚播是预防发病的有效途径,且稃壳有阻隔病菌侵染作用,免疫与抗病种质是品种选育的重要抗源。     

用模糊综合评判法预测马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量

为了提高马尾松毛虫一代、二代幼虫高峰期发生量预报的准确性,为有效防治马尾松毛虫提供科学依据,本文运用模糊综合评判的6个数学模型预测安徽省潜山县马尾松毛虫一代、二代幼虫高峰期的发生量,验证预报1989年、1994年、2002年和2017年一代马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量,预报结果分别为2级、4级、2级和1级,与实况级别完全吻合,预报结果准确。预报1989年、1994年、2002年和2017年二代马尾松毛虫幼虫高峰期发生量,预报结果依次是4级、5级、2级和1级。同样与实况级别全部相同。预报的准确率为100%,模糊综合评判法是一个运算简便、准确性高的预报方法。     

白蚁肠道可培养菌群及其功能初探

白蚁是一种危害严重的昆虫,其以破坏木质而家喻户晓.文献表明,白蚁对木质强大的消化能力很大程度上取决于其肠道微生物的影响.为了探究白蚁肠道微生物的类群,本试验以黑翅土白蚁为材料,分离纯化获得其肠道主要可培养微生物的纯培养112种,其中喜氧菌35种,厌氧菌77种;在分离出的微生物类群中,通过刚果红法初步筛选出12种喜氧菌菌株可能具有纤维素酶活性,其最大透明圈达到4.0㎝×4.0㎝;进一步检测这些菌株的纤维素酶活性发现,12株菌均具有羧甲基纤维素钠盐(CMC-NA)酶活性和滤纸酶活性,但是大部分菌株羧甲基纤维素酶活性较弱,而一些菌株如 NBY14滤纸酶活较高,可达到16.188u/mL.试验结果可为黑翅土白蚁防治提供依据,亦可为纤维素酶的开发利用奠定基础.     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

穿孔萃取法测定甲醛释放量影响因素的探讨

文章采用穿孔萃取法研究不同影响因素对人造板甲醛释放量检测结果的影响,结果表明：碘量法和光度法测得的甲醛释放量差异显著;甲醛释放量随萃取温度的升高而升高;硫代硫酸钠浓度、乙酸铵浓度、乙酰丙酮用量对测定结果影响显著;乙酸铵试剂用量的微小差别对测试结果影响不明显。     

黄河兰州段多环芳烃生态风险的初步评价

以黄河兰州段11个不同采样点3种多环芳烃的临测浓度及其对6～38种水生生物的LC50为基础资料,分别应用商值法、概率密度函数重叠面积和联合概率曲线3种风险浮价方法对黄河兰州段苯并(a)芘、荧蒽、芘的生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:黄河兰州段3种PAHs残留具有一定的生态风险.其中低暴露风险条件下(受威胁生物不超过1%),...     

微咸水造墒对不同种植方式棉花生长的影响

采用小区对比试验,研究了5 g/L微咸水造墒对基质育苗移栽覆膜(JZPM)、基质育苗移栽无覆膜(JZ)、沙培育苗移栽覆膜(SPPM)、沙培育苗移栽无覆膜(SP)、点播覆膜(DBPM)、点播无覆膜(DB)等6种种植方式棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:在相同种植方式下,覆膜处理棉花的成苗率、形态发育指标、生殖器官分配指数、籽棉产量及霜前花率明显高于无覆膜处理;不同栽培方式下,JZPM处理显著提高了棉花的成苗率,加快了棉花的生育进程,但后期出现严重的倒伏、早衰现象,DBPM处理呈现了最为稳定的生长动态。在补全苗的情况下,DBPM处理的籽棉产量最高,其产量比JZPM、SPPM、DB、SP、JZ等处理分别增加了10.08%、31.03%、28.88%、32.78%和39.16%,方差分析结果显示,JZPM和DBPM处理间的产量差异不显著,但显著高于其它各处理。DBPM和JZPM两种栽培方式在该区微咸水灌溉中具有广阔的应用前景。