枸杞岛海藻场两种大型海藻碎屑分解和沉降特征

岛礁水域海藻场是近岸海域典型的生态系统,大型海藻分解产生的碎屑是海藻场生态功能的重要基础。为探究大型海藻碎屑对海藻场生态功能潜在规模的贡献,本研究以枸杞岛海藻场孔石莼和舌状蜈蚣藻为对象,通过现场挂袋实验和室内静水沉降测试,分析了两种海藻碎屑的组分、粒径和沉降特征。结果显示,分解过程中舌状蜈蚣藻和孔石莼的碎屑密度均逐渐减小,且各自在不同分解时期无显著差异。舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑中有机C含量和有机N含量对密度变化影响不显著,孔石莼碎屑中有机C含量对密度没有显著影响,而有机N含量对密度有显著影响。孔石莼碎屑的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N对其密度有显著影响,舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑的密度只受δ¹³C影响。两种海藻碎屑的密度都受木质素含量的显著影响,受纤维素含量的影响不显著。粒径是两种海藻碎屑沉降速度的决定性要素之一,研究表明,舌状蜈蚣藻大型碎屑(粒径>0.830 mm)、中型碎屑(0.380～0.830 mm)和小型碎屑(0.180～0.380mm)的沉降速度分别为0.016～0.023、0.008～0.015和0.004～0.005 m/s,孔石莼...     

NM－1号抗旱剂的研究

试验结果表明谷子在—１３．９Ｐａ的负压下发芽率只有２４．０％，在—１６．７３Ｐａ时发芽率为１６．３％。用０．５％的ＮＭ—１号抗旱剂包衣后，在—１６．７３Ｐａ的负压下发芽率可达６５．６％，比对照提高４９．３％。同０．５％的ＮＭ—１抗旱剂在大豆现蕾期喷施叶面１次，相对收获株率为１１５．３８％，相对千粒量为１０７．７％，增产率为４０，２７％。玉米在６叶期喷施０．５％的抗旱剂后，饱和亏减少４．０９ｇ，是对照的４３．８１％；干物质积累比对照快６７．１９％，蒸腾系数减少８．３６ｇ。     

秘鲁外海茎柔鱼肌肉组织的能量积累

能量积累是表征生物体身体能量储备水平的重要指标之一,对寿命短、生长快且终生一次繁殖的头足类属种的表征作用尤显重要。本实验根据我国远洋渔业鱿钓渔船于2014年6-8月在秘鲁外海(10?26?S~17?17?S,79?17?W~82?39?W)作业期间随机采集的茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)样本173尾(雌性107尾,雄性66尾),利用数学统计方法和组织能量密度测定技术,分析了该柔鱼个体的体重-胴长生长和胴体、足腕、尾鳍等肌肉组织的能量密度及其能量积累过程。结果显示,茎柔鱼雌雄个体的胴长、体重分别为(262.12±38.33)mm、(541.69±251.69)g,以及(251.37±31.90)mm、(449.78±179.99)g;雌雄个体的体重-胴长生长存在显著性差异(P0.05)。雌雄个体肌肉组织能量密度均以胴体的为最高,分别为(20.56±1.12)k J/g和(20.67±0.76)k J/g;足腕次之,分别为(20.09±1.25)k J/g和(19.95±0.87)k J/g;尾鳍最低,分别为(19.92±1.05)k J/g和(19.63±0.96)k J/g;同一组织雌雄个体间的组织能量密度无显著性差异(P0.05)。胴体、足腕、尾鳍等组织间的能量积累差异性显著(P0.05),胴体是最大的能量积累单元。其中,雌性个体胴体、足腕、尾鳍三组织的能量积累占比分别为63.14%、25.23%和11.63%;雄性个体的分别为65.89%、22.91%和11.20%。此外,胴体、足腕、尾鳍肌肉组织的能量随着个体生长积累显著(P0.05),并且这些肌肉组织的能量积累自低纬度向高纬度海域显著增加(P0.05),表明秘鲁外海茎柔鱼肌肉组织的能量积累过程是一个索饵育肥及其生长的过程。     

饲料中蛋白质含量及养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长性能、氮排泄及相关生化指标的影响

本实验以平均初始体重为15.60 g的红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼为研究对象,研究饲料中蛋白含量及养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长性能、氮排泄及相关生理生化指标的影响。设计两因素三水平(2×3)实验,配制3种不同蛋白梯度(38.87%、45.55%和51.00%,干重)的等脂实验饲料,设置3个密度梯度为1.53 kg/m^3(0.196 m3体积的实验桶,每桶20尾鱼)、2.30 kg/m^3(每桶30尾鱼)和3.06 kg/m^3(每桶40尾鱼)。每组饲料设3个重复,养殖实验为期56 d,在室内流水系统内进行。结果显示,增重率在高、中蛋白组显著高于低蛋白组(P<0.05),但当饲料蛋白含量一定时,养殖密度对增重率没有显著性影响。饲料蛋白含量和养殖密度对鱼体常规成分没有显著性影响。当饲料蛋白一定时,高密度组的血清总蛋白和胆固醇含量显著高于中密度组(P<0.05)。血清总蛋白含量在低蛋白组显著高于中蛋白组(P<0.05)。血清碱性磷酸酶含量在低蛋白组显著高于高蛋白组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白含量和养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的生长、氨氮排泄没有显著性交互作用。静水投喂3 h后,氨氮排泄率在高密度组显著高于低密度组(P<0.05)。研究表明,45.55%饲料蛋白质含量已经能够满足红鳍东方鲀幼鱼正常生长的需求。饲料蛋白含量和养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的生长性能和氨氮排泄没有显著性交互作用。     

Survival and behavioural responses of cool and warm water fish sedated with AQUI‐S®20E (10% eugenol) at high loading densities

This study evaluated the effects of AQUI‐S^®20E (10% eugenol) sedation on the survival and behaviour of yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. held in high loading densities. Fish were held in 0–300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E (0–30 mg L^?1 eugenol) for up to 10 h in static tanks. At 17°C, yellow perch held in 200 and 300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E were lightly sedated for up to 7 h. Yellow perch at 200 and 300 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®20E also had >95% mean survival 7‐days post exposure using loading densities up to 360 g L^?1. Nile tilapia were only sedated for ≤3 h in concentrations up to 300 mg L^?1 at 22°C and had >90% mean survival at loading densities ≤480 g L^?1. Ammonia in tanks increased significantly as loading density increased, but treatment with AQUI–S^®20E did not reduce ammonia accumulation. Results suggest that AQUI–S^®20E was effective to sedate yellow perch and Nile tilapia at high loading densities, but sedation varied with loading density and species.     

Design and performance of a recirculating aquaculture system for oyster larval culture

The major objective of this study was to introduce a newly designed recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for oyster (Crassostrea angulata) larval culture. The system includes a culture tank, a suspended circular inlet‐pipe, an upwelling aeration pipe, combined “banjo” sieves and a bioreactor chamber containing microalgae life keeping installation. The system was designed to resolve three problems: (i) stranding of larvae caused by water level changes and aeration, (ii) physical clogging of the screens and also (iii) deterioration of diet microalgae. The culture tank, “banjo” sieve size, water flow rate and light intensity for maintaining microalgae activity were all designed according to the pattern of larval movement and feeding behaviour. Results of this study showed the best average SGR for larval length was 6.36%/d (9.5 μm/d) and survival rate was 80%, with initial rearing density of 50 larvae/ml, indicating the problems above were fully resolved. Consequently, the system is fit for larval culture in mass production of oysters.     

东、黄海鱼是鱼集群分布模式的研究

根据７个冬季变水层拖网瞄准捕捞越冬鱼是鱼平均小时产量统计和探鱼仪鱼群映象纪录资料，研究了鱼是鱼集群分布模式和集群密度。鱼是鱼集群分为表层型、中层型和近底层型３种分布模式。１４种典型集群映象有捕捞生产价值。３种模式的鱼是鱼集群密度是：中层型高于近底层型，近底层型高于表层型。使用５２０目×６００毫米变水层拖网瞄准捕捞中层型集群鱼是鱼平均小时产量５．０～１４．０吨、近底层型３．６～４．５吨和表层型２．３～３．０吨     

Effects of stocking density and algal concentration on the survival,growth and metamorphosis of Bobu Ivory shell,Babylonia formosae habei (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) larvae

Independent and combined effects of stocking density and algal concentration on the survival, growth and metamorphosis of the Bobu Ivory shell Babylonia formosae habei larvae were assessed using a 5 × 5 factorial design with densities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 larvae mL⁻¹ and algal concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 × 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹ in the laboratory. Larval growth, survival and metamorphosis were significantly affected by both the independent effects of stocking density and algal concentration and by their interaction. The highest per cent survival (72.5%) and metamorphosis (49.5%), fastest growth (41.57 μm day⁻¹) and shortest time to initial metamorphosis (10 days) all occurred at the lowest stocking density and the highest algal concentration. Both crowding and food limitation had independently negative impacts on the survival, growth and metamorphosis of larvae, and these negative impacts were further strengthened by the interaction of a higher stocking density and a lower algal concentration. Moreover, the results suggest that stocking density and algal concentration obviously played different roles in determining larval survival and growth. To maximize survival and growth, B. formosae habei larvae should be reared at a lower stoking density of 0.25 larvae mL⁻¹ and fed a higher algal concentration of 25 × 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹ in large-scale hatchery seed culture.     

火炬松材性变异规律的初步研究

对生长于广西南宁地区相同环境下来自美国的１８个种源１０年生火炬松的材性进行了研究。包括：材笥的种源变异。材性的地理变异模式及其与原产地气候因子的相互关系，材性因子间及其与生长因子、形态因子的相关分析。     

Effects of stocking density on haematological parameters,growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles

The influence of stocking density (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg m^?2) was investigated on haematological parameters, growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles for a period of 8 weeks. The mean weight of fish at the start of trial was 93.13±1.04 g. After 8 weeks of rearing, the mean weight was 362.4, 319.7, 267, 242.1 and 211.1 in densities 1–8 kg m^?2 respectively. The results of this study showed that growth parameters, including condition factor, weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and body weight increase, had a statistically significant difference among treatments (P<0.05). A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in haematocrit, but the other haematological parameters, including red blood cells, white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and differential WBC count, showed no significant effect with stocking density (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, stocking density had no significant effect on plasma cortisol and glucose concentration. The fin length (dorsal, anal, ventral, pectoral and caudal) of fish was measured to calculate the fin index. According to this index, dorsal, anal, ventral and pectoral fins showed no significant difference among treatments (P>0.05), but the erosion of the caudal fin was significantly different between fish held on 6 and 8 kg m^?2 (P<0.05). These results showed that rearing density has a major effect on the growth indices of H. huso. Unlike many other fish, great sturgeon exhibited lower stress responses to high stocking density. This indicates that they are more tolerable to rearing conditions in high stocking densities. With respect to the various effects that density causes on growth, fin erosion and physiological and haematological parameters, better understanding of these phenomena considering different levels of density could have a beneficial impact on many rearing steps of this species.