激素对绞股蓝愈伤组织过氧化物酶及皂甙含量的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）和分光光度法,对添加不同激素进行组织培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ０同工酶及总皂甙含量进行了测定。结果表明,添加ＮＡＡ培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的ＰＯＤ同工酶在阴极区酶带活性强,添加ＢＡ培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的ＰＯＤ同工酶在阳极区产生了新的酶带;同时添加ＮＡＡ,２,４－Ｄ,ＢＡ三种激素培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的总皂甙含量最高。     

Effects of cyclic and regular feeding of a Quillaja saponin supplemented diet on growth and metabolism of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Fifteen common carp weighing 19.2±2.9 g were reared individually in chambers of a respirometer system which allowed feeding, and continuous measurement of oxygen consumption. The fish were divided into three groups of 5 each, and were given control feed (C group), control feed supplemented with 150 mg kg⁻¹ of Quillaja saponins (QS) (S150 group), and control and the saponin supplemented diet during alternate weeks (S150b group), for 56 days. Supplementation with QS at a level of 150 mg kg⁻¹ caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in metabolic growth rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE), protein productive value (PPV) and apparent lipid conversion (ALC) of carp, even as the metabolic rate was lower than the C group. The efficiency of energy utilisation indicated by parameters such as energy expenditure (EE), energy retention (ER) and amount of oxygen consumed per unit body mass gain (OPM) were also significantly (P<0.05) better in the S150 group. The performance of the S150b group was intermediate between the C and S150 group in this experiment. Possible reasons for the effects of dietary QS are discussed. It was concluded that there has to be continuous dietary supply of QS at the level of 150 mg kg⁻¹, for maximum positive effects of these substances on growth of common carp. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

苜草素多糖、黄酮和皂苷对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7β-防御素基因表达的影响

本研究旨在观察苜草素活性成分多糖、黄酮、皂苷对小鼠β-防御素表达的影响。分别采用含有30、60、90、150μg.mL-1苜草素多糖、含有10、20、30、50μg.mL-1苜草素黄酮、含有30、60、90、150μg.mL-1苜草素皂苷的细胞培养液处理RAW264.7细胞,观察其对小鼠RAW264.7细胞β-防御素(mouse beta-defensin,mBD)mRNA表达水平的影响。结果发现,苜草素多糖对mBD1的表达水平没有影响,对mBD2、mBD3的表达有促进作用,30μg.mL-1效果最明显;苜草素黄酮促进mBD1的表达,10μg.mL-1效果最明显,对mBD2、mBD3的表达有抑制作用;苜草素皂苷对mBD1的表达有促进作用,对mBD2的表达水平没有影响,对mBD3表达有抑制作用。苜草素中的多糖、黄酮、皂苷对RAW264.7细胞mBDs表达的作用效果不同,苜草素多糖可能主要促进动物的特异性免疫功能,苜草素黄酮、皂苷可能促进动物的先天性免疫功能。     

苜蓿皂苷对山羊瘤胃细菌发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对山羊瘤胃细菌发酵功能的影响。选择4只22月龄、体况良好、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的徐淮山羊,晨饲后3 h采集瘤胃液,分离出细菌后,采用批次培养法进行体外发酵。试验分0%(对照组)、1%、2%及3%4个组,每组3个发酵瓶,每个发酵瓶为1个重复,体外厌氧培养24 h后,分别测定各处理组pH值、氨态氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度及总挥发性脂肪酸含量。结果表明:添加1%~3%的苜蓿皂苷可以降低瘤胃细菌发酵液的pH值,提高总挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮的浓度,但未对微生物蛋白浓度产生显著影响。     

苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1、清道夫受体BⅠmRNA表达的影响

本试验以大鼠肝脏和肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)及小鼠巨噬细胞(ANA-1细胞)为研究对象,从动物和细胞水平上研究苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)、清道夫受体BⅠ(SR-BⅠ)mRNA表达的影响。取雄性健康SD大鼠32只,随机分成4组,分别为正常对照组、苜蓿皂苷组、高脂模型组和高脂苜蓿皂苷组,每组8只。正常对照组和苜蓿皂苷组饲喂基础饲粮,其余2组均饲喂高脂饲粮,饲喂4周后,苜蓿皂苷组和高脂皂苷组从第5周开始每天灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,灌胃4周。采用胎牛血清作用于BRL细胞48 h,构建脂变模型,将BRL细胞分为正常对照组(正常细胞)、苜蓿皂苷组(正常细胞)、脂变模型组(脂变细胞)和脂变皂苷组(脂变细胞),苜蓿皂苷组、脂变皂苷组培养液中添加苜蓿皂苷(终浓度300μg/m L),培养24 h。采用氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)作用于ANA-1细胞48 h,构建荷脂模型,将ANA-1细胞分为正常对照组(正常细胞)、苜蓿皂苷组(正常细胞)、荷脂模型组(荷脂细胞)和荷脂皂苷组(荷脂细胞),苜蓿皂苷组、荷脂皂苷组培养液中添加苜蓿皂苷(终浓度300μg/m L),培养24 h。采用荧光定量PCR法测定大鼠肝脏、BRL细胞和ANA-1细胞中ABCA1、SR-BⅠmRNA表达量。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著提高了正常大鼠肝脏ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA表达量(P0.05),显著提高了高脂大鼠肝脏ABCA1 mRNA的表达量(P0.05),对高脂大鼠肝脏SR-BⅠmRNA表达量影响不显著(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著提高了正常BRL细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA的表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA表达量影响不大(P0.05);3)苜蓿皂苷显著降低正常ANA-1细胞ABCA1 mRNA表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,苜蓿皂苷可通过上调大鼠肝脏和正常肝脏细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA的表达促进胆固醇的逆向转运,增强肝脏胆固醇排泄,从而发挥其对高脂血症的预防和治疗作用。     

Panax quinquefolium saponins protect rat myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuating excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress

AIM: To investigate whether excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the protective mechanism of Panax quinquefolium saponins (PQS) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat myocardium. METHODS: The model of myocardial I/R injury in vivo was made by ligating the left anterior descending artery for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in SD rats. The hemodynamics and serum content of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured. The myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected using in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The protein levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), calreticulin (CRT), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with I/R group, the mean arterial pressure in PQR+IR group was decreased by 32.0%, and left ventricular±dp/dtmax was increased by 64.0% and 35.0%, respectively.The serum content of cTnT was decreased by 53.3%, the percentage of area of necrosis (AN)/area at risk (AAR) was reduced by 65.5% and the apoptosis rate was decreased by 54.9%.The myocardial pathological changes were improved. Bcl-2 protein expression was increased by 110.0% and that of Bax was decreased by 47.8%. CRT protein expression was decreased by 43.4 %, CHOP protein expression and the protein level of cleaved caspase-12 were decreased by 38.6% and 23.7% in PQS+I/R group. CONCLUSION: PQS alleviates I/R injury in myocardium by inhibition of excessive ERS.     

Ruminal Metabolism in Sheep of Saponins from Yucca schidigera

Fifty-five mg per kg live weight of crystallized Yucca schidigera saponins, corresponding to 26 mg/kg live weight of sapogenins, was given daily intraruminally to two lambs for 11 consecutive days. Neither of the lambs showed any sign of toxicity throughout the experimental period. One lamb was killed 5 h after the last dose and GC-MS analysis of the free and conjugated sapogenin content samples of liver, and of the contents of the rumen, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum, of faecal samples collected before dosing started, and of parts of the administered Yucca saponin were performed. The Yucca material contained mainly sarsasapogenin and smilagenin saponins. Ingested saponins were quickly hydrolysed in the rumen to free sapogenins and, in part, epimerized at C-3 to afford episapogenins. The absorption of free sapogenins appeared to occur in the jejunum. The metabolism of Yucca saponins was identical to that of Narthecium ossifragum saponins, and it is suggested that Yucca saponins could replace N. ossifragum saponins for toxicity studies on the latter plant.     

红毛丹果壳中齐墩果烷型三萜苷类成分的生防活性

研究了红毛丹果壳中的9个齐墩果烷型三萜苷类化合物对线虫(Panagrellus redivivus)、烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)和香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)的生防活性,并分析了齐墩果烷型三萜苷拮抗病原菌的构效关系。研究结果表明,9个齐墩果烷型三萜苷对线虫(Panagrellus redivivus)均有一定的致死活性,部分化合物对烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)和香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)显示拮抗作用,其中有4个齐墩果烷型三萜苷对这4种植物病原菌表现出兼抗活性。     

不同产地黄芪活性成分与硒含量比较分析

[目的]研究不同产地黄芪药材中活性成分与硒元素的含量,分析不同产地黄芪之间的差异及黄芪中硒含量与活性成分之间的相关性,为富硒黄芪的种植及资源开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定黄芪总皂苷、总黄酮、总多糖含量,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定不同产地黄芪药材中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量,氢化物发生-原子荧光法测...     

Summer Variation in the Concentration of Steroidal Sapogenins in and the Degree of Fungal Infection on Narthecium ossifragum plants from Møre og Romsdal County,Norway

Thirty-nine leaf samples ofNarthecium ossifragum collected from eight sites in More og Romsdal County, Norway, during June–September 1997 and 41 leaf samples collected at five sites in the same county during June–August 1998 were analysed for the concentrations of steroidal sapogenins using GC-MS. The 1998 samples were also examined for fungal elements (conidia and hyphae) after incubation in a moist chamber for 10–14 days. The highest 1997 and 1998 leaf sapogenin concentrations (4881 and 7115 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) were 13–14 times greater than the lowest sapogenin concentrations found (344 and 531 mg/kg dry matter, respectively). The results did not reveal systematic differences in sapogenin concentrations between the two seasons, or between samples harvested early or late in the same seasons, or between sapogenin concentrations in plants harvested at different sites.Cladosporium magnusianum was the predominant fungus found in the samples. The degree of fungal infection on the samples was in generally low, but the number ofC. magnusianum colonies in the moist chamber preparations and fungal elements (conidia and hyphae) in leaf washings and on leaves tended to increase with time. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis performed on the chemical and fungal results suggest that sporulation may have occurred in the fungi in response to increase in sapogenin concentrations.