不同产地无患子果皮率及其常春藤皂苷含量

通过不同产地无患子果实和果皮质量及果皮皂苷含量等主要经济性状的分析表明:不同产地的无患子不论在果实质量、果皮质量还是果皮中的皂苷含量都存在一定的差异,单粒果实质量最大的为福建三明,外果皮质量最大的为四川攀枝花,果皮占总果质量的百分比最高的为四川成都-2,而皂苷含量最高的为湖北襄阳,同时还表明同一产地的不同植株在果实质量和果皮皂苷含量方面也存在差异,说明无患子果实不仅受光照、土壤条件、温度等生态环境因子的影响,存在一定的地域差异,其自身生物遗传因素也有一定的作用.     

干柱层析法制备油茶总皂苷对照品初探

[目的]研究干柱层析法制备油茶皂苷对照品的方法。[方法]原料用60%乙醇超声提取,浓缩至无醇味,石油醚脱酯后用正丁醇按3:1体积比加入萃取。取正丁醇层并真空浓缩至干,干法上样于100目～200目硅胶柱色谱分离,用乙酸乙酯-甲醇-正丁醇-水(2:1:4:7)的上相展层;根据Rf值取出相应的条带并用甲醇淋洗收集蒸干,薄层及理化性质检测。[结果]该方法所制样品由薄层色谱为一点,纯度较高。[结论]该方法简便、实用且制备量大,可作为油茶总皂苷对照品。     

激素对绞股蓝愈伤组织过氧化物酶及皂甙含量的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）和分光光度法,对添加不同激素进行组织培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ０同工酶及总皂甙含量进行了测定。结果表明,添加ＮＡＡ培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的ＰＯＤ同工酶在阴极区酶带活性强,添加ＢＡ培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的ＰＯＤ同工酶在阳极区产生了新的酶带;同时添加ＮＡＡ,２,４－Ｄ,ＢＡ三种激素培养的绞股蓝愈伤组织的总皂甙含量最高。     

PjFPS和Pjβ-AS双基因协同作用对珠子参皂苷生物合成的影响

法尼基焦磷酸合酶(PjFPS)和β-香树脂醇合酶(Pjβ-AS)是珠子参皂苷(Panax japonicus saponins,PJS)生物合成途径中可能的关键酶。通过在珠子参(P.japonicus)细胞中同时过表达PjFPS和Pjβ-AS基因,探讨PjFPS和Pjβ-AS对PJS生物合成的协同作用。结果表明,PjFPS和Pjβ-AS是PJS生物合成途径中的关键酶基因,对珠子参皂苷的生物合成具有调节作用。过表达PjFPS和Pjβ-AS的细胞系中,PJS合成途径相关的多个关键酶基因的表达水平有不同程度的提高,且PJS的含量最高为普通细胞系的2.4倍。虽然单独过表达PjFPS也可增加PJS的合成,但双基因(PjFPS和Pjβ-AS)协同调控PJS合成的效果更好。     

响应面法优化兰州百合皂甙提取工艺

以兰州百合为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化兰州百合皂甙的最佳提取工艺条件,考察提取温度、乙醇体积分数、液固比和回流时间对其皂甙提取率影响.结果表明,4个因素对兰州百合皂甙提取率影响的大小依次为提取温度＞回流时间＞乙醇体积分数＞液固比.确定的最佳工艺条件为提取温度70℃,乙醇体积分数80％,液固比10∶1,回流时间3h,在此条件下兰州百合皂甙的提取率可达到54.90％.     

超声波法提取苜蓿皂甙最适条件的研究

为了优化紫花苜蓿中苜蓿皂甙的提取工艺，采用L9（3^4）正交试验方法，以苜蓿总皂甙提取量为评价指标，优选苜蓿皂甙的提取条件。结果表明，甲醇浓度、甲醇用量、提取时间、提取次数对苜蓿皂甙的提取量都有极显著影响，最佳提取工艺为50％的甲醇，苜蓿草粉15倍量，超声波提取2次，每次30min。     

人参茎叶总皂苷联合亚硒酸钠对猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫的增强作用

为了探讨人参茎叶总皂苷(ginseng stem-leaf saponins,GSLS)联合亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3,简称Se)对伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)灭活疫苗免疫的增强作用,本试验给小鼠口服GSLS后,接种添加了Se的PRV灭活疫苗,并检测免疫后小鼠血清中PRV gB抗体及其亚类(IgG1和IgG2a)水平、淋巴细胞...     

Plant growth regulation effects of triterpenoid saponins

 To investigate structure–activity relations between the sugar chain structures of triterpenoid saponins and their plant growth regulation effects, several monodesmosidic saponins with betulin as an aglycon were synthesized by chemical and enzymic reactions. Three triterpenoids (betulin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid) and synthesized betulin glycosides were submitted to germination and growth regulation tests on alfalfa seeds. We concluded the following. Betulin had a slight growth inhibitory effect on alfalfa radicles. Betulin glycosides exhibited stronger effects than betulin, and betulin glycosides with two to four glucose residues as a sugar moiety had the greatest inhibitory activity. These characteristics of growth inhibitory effects were considerably different from those of phenolic compounds so far reported. Some betulin glycosides also showed a significant growth regulation effect on alfalfa hypocotyls. However, hypocotyl growth was less affected than radicle growth for all betulin glycosides. Among the triterpenoids, betulinic acid had stronger growth inhibitory effects on alfalfa radicles than betulin, suggesting the importance of the carboxyl group at the C-28 position for the inhibitory effects of lupane-type triterpenoids. On the other hand, no germination regulation effects on alfalfa seeds were observed for any of the betulin glycosides or triterpenoids examined. Received: October 9, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002 Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by a research grant (Development of Highly Functional Materials by Structural Modification of Carbohydrates) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan. We thank Saori Kudo for her assistance in isolating compounds by chromatography. Correspondence to:S. Ohara     

Antinutritional factors in pulses as influenced by different levels ofCallosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchids) infestation

Influence of six (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) levels of bruchids infestation on the contents of selected antinutritional factors-phytic acid, saponins, trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) of three (chickpea, red gram, and green gram) pulses was studied. Comparisons of infested samples were made with uninfested controls of each pulse. The three antinutritional factors viz TIA, phytic acid and saponins were found to increase with the increase in the level of infestation. All the control pulse values of the phytic acid, saponins and TIA were significantly lower than those of the infested samples. Barring a few exceptions, the differences in the contents of antinutritional factors in pulses infested at different levels were significant (P<0.05).