陕西线辣椒病毒病病原检测简报

在陕西省线辣椒主产区多点随机取样,采用酶联免疫吸附法对陕西线辣椒病毒病毒原进 行了鉴定。结果表明,陕西线辣椒病毒病毒原有BBWV、PMMV、CMV、ToMV、TMV、PVY和 CVMV。优势毒原是BBWV、PMMV和CMV。     

Systemic spread of Plum pox virus (PPV) in Mariana plum GF 8-1 in relation to shoot growth

Infection of Prunus spp. by Plum pox virus (PPV) is characterized by an uneven distribution of the virus within the tree and branches. In order to gain a better understanding of this distribution, a method for modelling tree growth was used. PPV spread was followed within susceptible Mariana plum clone GF 8-1 shoots for 4 months after inoculation. Shoot growth was unaffected by the presence of the virus. Symptoms appeared on leaves produced in the most actively growing parts of the shoots, i.e. at the beginning of the season. PPV was detected in leaves other than those showing symptoms. The proportion of leaves with detectable virus decreased from the zone showing symptoms, with 100% ELISA-positive responses, to the shoot tip with no detectable virus in leaves produced between 111 and 127 days after inoculation. Furthermore, a higher proportion of positive ELISA results was obtained below the zone showing symptoms (77%) compared with 50% above. PPV was detected in 95% of the most vigorous shoots 71 days after inoculation compared with 37% of slower-growing, later-produced shoots.     

晋南冬麦区大麦黄矮病毒流行株系监测及防治策略探讨

连续5年(1996～2000年)采集晋南冬麦区小麦黄矮病标样,采用生物学和血清学(酶联免疫吸附法)相结合的诊断方法对该地区的大麦黄矮病毒流行株系进行了鉴别。结果表明,该小麦黄矮病流行区近五年以GAV株系为主流株系,兼有少量GPV、PAV和混合株系存在。同时对小麦抗黄矮病新品种“临抗1号”进行了GPV和GAV两种株系的抗性测定,明确了该品种兼抗GPV和GAV两种株系。根据小麦黄矮病发生现状,提出了一套以选育推广抗耐病品种为主,以药剂防治为辅的综合防治措施。以期为当地小麦生产服务。     

Activation of renal tubular epithelial cells by monocytes/macrophages and the relative mechanisms

AIM: To observe the direct effects of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO/MAC) on renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC),and further probe into the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Conditioned medium(M-CM) of human peripheral blood MO/MAC was collected and added to HK-2,a human renal proximal tubular cell line.After incubation with M-CM for 24 hours,HK-2 cells were detected for DNA synthesis by [³H]-TdR incorporation,osteopontin (OPN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression by Western blot,and fibronectin(FN) secretion by ELISA.Furthermore,anti-TGFβ₁ neutralizing antibody and interlukin-10(IL-10) were used separately to antagonize the effects of M-CM on HK-2 cells. RESULTS: ①DNA synthesis,α-SMA expression and FN secretion were all increased in HK-2 cells when incubated with M-CM.②When adding with anti-TGFβ₁ neutralizing antibody (5 mg/L) in the M-CM,the degree of upregulation of α-SMA and FN in HK-2 cells was much lower than that stimulated by M-CM alone.③M-CM added with IL-10 (20 μg/L) had a weaker ability to induce the increasing in α-SMA expression and FN excretion in HK-2 cells, compared with M-CM itself alone.M-CM from MO/MAC preincubated with IL-10 caused a lower upregulation of α-SMA expression in HK-2 cells than M-CM from non-preincubated MO/MAC. CONCLUSION: MO/MAC can directly induce proliferation,transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix secretion in RTEC.TGFβ₁ and proinflammatory cytokines secreted by MO/MAC might be involved in the aboveeffects.     

甲基对硫磷人工抗原的合成与鉴定

根据甲基对硫磷的结构特征,分别从甲基对硫磷的硝基一端或磷酸酯基甲氧基一端引入一定长度的间隔臂和活性基团,设计并合成了4种结构的半抗原;针对各种半抗原所带活性基团的性质,通过多种方法制备了与不同的载体蛋白偶联的人工抗原。进行动物免疫后,得到了针对甲基对硫磷的高效价抗体。     

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to the M serotype of plum pox potyvirus

A monoclonal antibody to an Albanian isolate of plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was obtained (MAbAL), that specifically recognized strain M of this virus. The specificity of MAbAL, assessed by comparative ELISA on 130 PPV isolates of different geographical origin, 22 of which were also tested by comparative IC-PCR, gave consistent and highly reproducible results. MAbAL seems to be elicited by a stable surface determinant that makes it particularly suitable for successful use under a wide range of conditions. MAbAL is an useful addition to the panel of PPV-specific MAbs available to date.     

Biological and molecular characterization of Tomato spotted wilt Virus in Israel

Received April 24, 1997; received in final form June 29, 1997. Symptoms resembling tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infections were documented among ornamental and vegetable crops in commercial greenhouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting these symptoms were collected from January 1992 to December 1996. Among cultivated plants analyzed for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 19 species representing five families were found to be infected; natural infection was also recorded in six plant species of weeds. Virus identity was characterized by host range, serology and electron microscopy. Serological reaction with the isolates, found in Israel, using antisera from different sources as well as the sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene, demonstrated that the Israeli isolates of TSWV are a member of tospovirus serogroup I, type I (BR-01 strain). No virus transmission was found in seeds collected from virus-infected vegetable and ornamental crops. A non-radioactive molecular probe derived from the cloned nucleocapsid isolate enables specific detection of the virus in crude sap from infected plants. The detection of TSWV in Israel constitutes a severe potential threat to the ornamental and vegetable industry.     

奶牛MTT比色法的最佳条件探讨

为建立奶牛淋巴细胞增殖反应MTT比色法,对试验条件进行了研究。应用L16(45)正交试验,对影响MTT比色法的四个主要因素,包括ConA浓度、细胞浓度、培养液小牛血清浓度及培养时间进行了比较和探索。试验表明几个因素对其增殖反应都有显著影响(P<0.05),且最佳反应条件为:15μg/mL的ConA、1×106/mL细胞浓度、10%小牛血清及60h的培养时间;影响增殖反应的先后顺序为细胞浓度、ConA浓度、培养时间及血清浓度。     

高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究 Ι固氮菌分离及鉴定

结合气相色谱仪,利用乙炔还原等方法对高寒地区重要饲用植物——燕麦(Avenasativa)根际联合固氮菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,该地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌株较少(8株),菌株分布以根系表面(RP)最多,根表土壤(RS)次之,距根系较远的土壤(NRS)和根内(HP)最少,即:RP>RS>NRS≥HP;菌株固氮酶活性相差较大(C2H4112.5～1147.9nmol/mL·h),具有较高固氮酶活性的菌株较少(C2H4大于500nmol/mL·h只有2株);菌株均为革兰氏阴性菌,经鉴定分属Azotobacter(3株)、Pseudomonas(3株)和Azospirillus(2株)3个属。相对于其它生境和植物,高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌种类较为单一。