Determination of Total Iodine in Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A method for the determination of the total amount of iodine in soil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. Iodine in soil was completely extracted by heating a mixture of 5 mL of 5% tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution and 100 mg of soil for 3 h in an oven at 70°C. Indium as an internal standard was added and the extract was diluted at least more than 10-fold. Iodine amount in the solution was determined by measuring the signal intensity of ¹²⁷I against that of ¹¹³In. When the method was tested by analyzing four reference soil samples (GSS-1, 4, 5, and 7), the iodine contents obtained were in good agreement with the certified values for the samples.     

刺槐叶瘿蚊群体微卫星分析中样本量对遗传多样性指标的影响

采用微卫星标记进行刺槐叶瘿蚊群体遗传研究时,群体的样本量对遗传多样性指标准确性有一定影响。鉴于此,本实验设置了12个样本量梯度,统计分析在刺槐叶瘿蚊微卫星分子标记研究中,不同样本量对遗传多样性参数的影响,探讨刺槐叶瘿蚊群体遗传结构研究中所需的最适样本量。结果表明,样本量与平均等位基因数、平均有效基因数呈正相关,与平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度及内氏遗传多样性指数呈中度相关;在进行刺槐叶瘿蚊群体遗传结构的研究时,最适参数为期望杂合度和内氏遗传多样性指数,最小样本量为20。     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中的二氯喹啉酸

用50 ml甲醇︰0.05 mol/L硼砂溶液(p H=10)(9︰1,v/v)作为提取剂对20 g(或适量)土壤样品中残留的二氯喹啉酸振荡提取2 h,离心过滤后分取滤液25 ml浓缩,甲醇定容至2 ml,再用滤膜过滤后待测定;高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)以1.0 ml/min的甲醇︰1%乙酸水溶液(55︰45,V/V)为流动相,柱温45℃,在238 nm的紫外光波长下进行二氯喹啉酸的外标法定量。该方法精密度为6.0%,检出限为0.012 mg/kg,不同类型土壤的加标回收率74.9%~98.8%,能满足有机分析要求。该方法既简捷易操作,又能满足土壤中二氯喹啉酸低残留量的测定。     

不同样本尺度和分区方案的粮食产量空间化及误差修正

粮食产量数据空间化有助于粮食产量数据与其他自然、人文数据进行综合分析,但空间化过程中必然会产生误差。该文按照3种分区方案(全国不分区、全国分为7个区以及按省分区),选择3种尺度上(县级、地市级和公里网格)的总产及平均产量数据(即4种样本:县级粮食总产、县级平均粮食产量、地市级粮食总产、地市级平均粮食产量)分别为因变量,以对应的3种农田类型(水田、水浇地、旱地)面积数据为自变量,利用多元线性回归分析方法,得到15种空间化模型。采用两阶段误差分析方法,选取2个模型误差评价因子和5个空间化结果误差评价因子,对模型和空间化结果进行误差分析。结果表明:1)空间化过程中,模型精度与空间化结果的精度存在不一致性;2)对于采用同一样本的模型(常数项为0)而言,空间化结果精度随着分区方案的细化先提高再降低,而对于采用同一样本的模型(常数项非0)而言,空间化结果精度随着分区方案的细化而降低;3)在全国不分区和分为7个区2种情况下,空间化结果精度随着分析样本尺度的细化(从地市级到县级再到公里网格)先提高后降低。根据上述分析结果,最终以县级粮食总产为样本、常数项为0、全国分7个区建模的方案实现全国粮食产量数据空间化,并通过修正,得到2005年中国粮食产量公里网格分布图。该研究弥补了粮食产量空间化误差分析的不足,探寻了不同样本尺度和分区方案与空间化误差的关系,提高了空间化精度,同时对其他类型的社会经济统计数据空间化研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Determination of Major and Trace Elements in Plant Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry

The determination of several trace elements [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was evaluated. It was established experimentally that moderate amounts (0.2–2%) of dissolved solids decreased the analyte signals significantly. Internal standardization with Rh was efficiently used to compensate for these matrix effects. The accuracy of the method was verified using reference materials digested according to two different procedures: dry ashing and microwave digestion. No significant differences were observed between measured concentrations and certified values. The investigation was next extended for the determination of major elements [aluminum (Al), boron (B), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn)] on the same reference materials. The ICP‐MS values agree well with the values supplied. However, it appeared that Sc was the most useful internal standard for major elements.     

烟蚜的空间分布型及抽样技术初步研究

作者对陕北烟草上发生的烟蚜进行了空间分布型测定,为聚集分布。求得最适抽样数为N=56.91/x 16.21(三为平均每株有蚜数),当临界防治密度为平均每株有蚜5头时,序贯抽样的上、下限为T(n)=5n±7.88n~(1/2)。     

龙里瘰螈骨骼系统的研究

采用骨骼标本常规制作方法,对龙里瘰螈(Paramesotriton longliensis)的骨骼系统做了较全面的观察研究,对各骨骼的形态、位置及相应骨块的关系进行了详细描述;并将龙里瘰螈与尾斑瘰螈(P.caudopunctatus)、中国瘰螈(P.chinensis)、香港瘰螈(P.hongkongensis)、广西瘰螈(P.guangxiensis)和织金瘰螈(P.zhijinensis)进行了部分属间和种间的比较.可为瘰螈属的分类、演化等方面的研究提供基础资料.