按照"三个代表"要求,搞好邓小平理论概论课程建设

全面贯彻党的十六大精神，以“三个代表”重要思想统领我们的各项工作并教育和武装当代大学生，是当前高校邓小平理论概论教学必须肩负的历史重任。本从邓小平理论概论课程教学的特点与规律出发，就如何按照“三个代表”要求，搞好邓小平理论概论课程建设提出建议。     

固相微萃取技术及其应用

固相微萃取(SolidPhasemicroextraction,SPME)技术是近年来发展起来的一种样品分析预处理的新方法,该技术集采样、萃取、浓缩和进样于一体,简便、快速、经济安全、无溶剂、选择性好、且灵敏度高。文章介绍了固相微萃取的装置、原理、操作及萃取方法,着重论述了其工作条件选择,包括不同涂层的萃取头、萃取时间、萃取温度、搅拌方法、萃取方式、离子强度等因素对固相微萃取的萃取效率的影响,此外文章还指出固相微萃取技术已经广泛的应用于医药、环境、食品等生活领域。     

基于近红外光谱技术的灵芝提取物掺假定量快速无损检测研究

为了探索快速测定灵芝提取物掺假(淀粉)含量的方法,采用近红外光谱扫描掺杂0%、5%、10%、20%、40%、60%、80%淀粉的灵芝提取物,对其光谱进行预处理和波段选择,并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立灵芝提取物掺假定量快速无损检测方法。结果表明,使用多元散射校正(MSC)预处理方法,波数范围8 000~7 500、6 000~5 500和5 000~4 000cm~(-1),主因子数为8时,建立的偏最小二乘法模型的校正决定系数(R_(cal))、校正均方根差(RMSECV)、验证决定系数(R_(val))和验证均方根差(RMSEP)分别为0.9962、0.0249、0.9960和0.0241。运用该模型对验证集样品进行预测并统计分析,可知预测值与实际掺假值之间无显著差异。本研究为灵芝功能食品市场检测提供了方法基础。     

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.     

桑椹与叶片蛋白质双向电泳样品制备方法的比较试验

为建立适合于桑树蛋白质组研究的双向电泳技术体系,以桑品种"大10"的桑椹与叶片为材料,探讨了桑树蛋白质不同提取方法对凝胶电泳效果的影响。结果表明,改良酚提取法与常规的SDS提取法、尿素/硫脲提取法相比,电泳图谱清晰,分离效果良好,能检测到更多的蛋白质组分,适用于桑椹与叶片蛋白质IPG-IEF/SDS-PAGE双向电泳及SDS-PAGE电泳的样品制备。     

Employing a Monte Carlo algorithm in expectation maximization restricted maximum likelihood estimation of the linear mixed model

Multiple‐trait and random regression models have multiplied the number of equations needed for the estimation of variance components. To avoid inversion or decomposition of a large coefficient matrix, we propose estimation of variance components by Monte Carlo expectation maximization restricted maximum likelihood (MC EM REML) for multiple‐trait linear mixed models. Implementation is based on full‐model sampling for calculating the prediction error variances required for EM REML. Performance of the analytical and the MC EM REML algorithm was compared using a simulated and a field data set. For field data, results from both algorithms corresponded well even with one MC sample within an MC EM REML round. The magnitude of the standard errors of estimated prediction error variances depended on the formula used to calculate them and on the MC sample size within an MC EM REML round. Sampling variation in MC EM REML did not impair the convergence behaviour of the solutions compared with analytical EM REML analysis. A convergence criterion that takes into account the sampling variation was developed to monitor convergence for the MC EM REML algorithm. For the field data set, MC EM REML proved far superior to analytical EM REML both in computing time and in memory need.     

Plasma endotoxin concentration in horses: a methods study

Background: Accurate determination of plasma endotoxin concentration is critical for ex vivo and in vitro cellular and molecular studies of endotoxemia in horses. However, reports are conflicting with respect to anticoagulant, handling, and sample preparation.

Objective:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood sample fraction and handling time on measurement of endotoxin concentration in horses.

Methods:

Methods: Whole blood, anticoagulated with 3.8% (0.12 M) sodium citrate (9:1), was collected from 5 healthy horses. Whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were spiked with endotoxin (2 EU/mL). Endotoxin-spiked WB samples were centrifuged immediately to generate PRP for measurement. Endotoxin concentration was subsequently measured by Limulus amebocyte assay at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Assays were performed in triplicate and results were analyzed using Student's t -test, with significance set at P < .05.

Results:

Results: Mean endotoxin concentrations in 2 EU/mL-spiked WB were significantly different from those in PPP at all time points tested. Recovery of endotoxin in PRP generated from WB was significantly diminished after just 15 minutes.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: PRP generated from WB is significantly more reliable than PPP in determining endotoxin concentration ex vivo. Measurement of endotoxin in PRP generated from WB was significantly diminished after 15 min, identifying a time frame within which to process blood samples for endotoxin analysis.     

祁连地区雏蝗属蝗蝻空间分布型及最适抽样数的研究

应用三种检验分布型方法分别检验了雏蝗属蝗蝻空间分布型 ,结果表明 :雏蝗属蝗蝻在草地上空间分布型多为聚集分布 ,并估计了调查时的最适抽样数     

天水市猪传染病调查样本量的确定

猪传染病的发生给养猪业的发展带来了严重的损失,造成了很大危害。为实时掌握天水市二三类猪传染病的发生和流行情况,为今后有效防控猪传染病提供科学依据,近两年天水市采用ELISA、平板凝集、免疫胶体金技术和细菌染色等检测方法进行了猪传染病调查,基本确定了近两年主要猪传染病的发生情况。在此基础上,论文运用生物统计学方法结合Excell建立了一种计算最小调查样本量的简便方法,确定了调查精度达到95%,至少发现1个阳性猪传染病例所需要的最小样本量,然后运用该计算方法计算出了天水市猪传染病调查所需要的最小样本量。     

Establishment of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Determination Method of Amantadine in Chicken and Preparation of Positive Samples

An ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry analysis method was established in this experiment for determination of amantadine in chicken.1% trichloroacetic acid with methanol as extraction liquid, the ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction was used to extract amantadine in chicken, extract liquid was purified and enriched in MCX solid-phase extraction column.Using C18 chromatographic column as separation column, in the positive ion mode, we detected the samples by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.Mass spectrometry and chromatographic conditions, the type of extract liquid, ultrasonic extraction time, the types of solid-phase extraction column and eluent were optimized.Under optimal conditions, a good linearity (r=0.9998) in the ranges of 0.1 to 20.0 ng/mL was obtained, the recoveries were 89.7% to 101.4% in the additive levels of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/kg, the limit of detection (LOD) of amantadine was 0.07 μg/kg, the limit of quantiation (LOQ) of amantadine was 0.23 μg/kg, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 7.0%.This novel approach had high sensitivity and accuracy, and was successfully applied to rapid and high sensitive detection of amantadine residues in chicken.The positive samples of amantadine in chicken were successfully prepared with concentrations of 11.16 and 7.18 mg/kg, which could be used for the research of ELISA kits of amantadine.