灌溉水矿化度及盐分带入量对小麦相对产量影响的统计分析

在搜集、统计大量咸水灌溉试验资料的基础上,选取咸水充分灌溉条件下矿化度和小麦产量的完整对应数据103组,统计分析了灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量对小麦相对产量的影响,结果表明,随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,小麦相对产量呈线性递减趋势,当矿化度大于1.0 g/L时,灌溉水矿化度每增加1 g/L,小麦减产约5.6%;与矿化度类似,随着单位面积盐分带入量的增加,小麦的相对产量也线性降低,盐分带入量每增加1000 kg/hm2,小麦的产量将减少约2%。进一步的检验结果显示,应用灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量均可较为可靠地估算小麦的相对产量,估算相对误差基本可控制在16%以内。     

基于支持向量机（SVM）的稻纵卷叶螟危害水稻高光谱遥感识别

 对健康水稻叶片以及受稻纵卷叶螟危害后的水稻叶片进行了室内光谱的测定及分析。对430~530 nm和560~730 nm波段采用连续统去除的方法,分别提取了波深、斜率参量作为径向基核函数支持向量机的输入变量,利用LIBSVM软件包构建叶片高光谱识别模型。当参数γ和惩罚系数C分别取0.25和1时构建的径向基支持向量机模型的分类性能最佳,识别精度达100%。研究结果为实时水稻病虫害的早期监测以及田间管理提供了一定的理论基础。     

冀东滦下灌区种植结构调整策略的研究

分析了冀东滦下灌区四县稻田土壤耕层的全盐含量和地下水矿化度,并依据我国盐渍土壤划分标准和不同作物的耐盐能力,将该稻区划分为宜稻区、盐生植物种植区、耐盐作物种植区和大田旱作物种植区,并提出了各个区域的种植技术方案及配套的工程技术措施。     

花生幼苗期耐盐品种的筛选与评价

研究以花生幼苗的相对主根长、相对苗高、相对地上部鲜重、相对根鲜重、相对地上部干重、相对根干重等为指标,鉴定了49份花生品种的耐盐性。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl胁迫对幼苗各个性状都有不同程度的抑制效应,其中,除干重以外,0.5%NaCl及以上浓度胁迫条件下所有性状受到盐害的明显抑制。以0.5%NaCl处理条件下的相对主根长、相对苗高等6个性状作为耐盐评价指标,筛选出4份耐盐品种和2份盐害敏感品种,为进一步开展耐盐花生品种的培育以及耐盐机制研究奠定了良好的基础。     

浅析滨海地区盐碱地的园林绿化

滨海地区盐碱地盐碱含量高,不适于园林植物的生长,且植物品种单一。该文分析了滨海地区盐碱地排盐除碱方法,总结了适合盐碱地生长的园林植物,以期为滨海地区盐碱地的改良及园林植物的选择提供理论依据,进而推动盐碱地园林绿化的深入研究。     

油菜田鸟害及其防治措施

鸟害已经成为油菜减产的重要原因之一。详述了油菜田鸟害发生特点,提出了防鸟措施：人畜驱鸟,架设防鸟网,撒毒饵诱杀,采用闪光带技术驱鸟,声音驱鸟,化学驱鸟剂等。     

Damage of potato tubers,a review

Summary Damage to potato tubers due to mechanical forces is among the most important causes of loss of quality reported throughout the world. The causes of such damage are mechanical injuries that occur primarily in association with harvesting and grading. The extent of damage is dependent on the condition of the tubers and also reflects the history of the potatoes. Although important advances have been made, there is still a considerable need for research on this subject since knowledge of the combined effects of essential physiological proceses within the cells is still lacking. The avoidance of exposure to mechanical forces constitutes the most effective protection against tuber damage.     

盐对柚幼苗的胁迫效应分析

以坪山柚为材料,研究了盐对坪山柚幼苗的胁迫效应。结果表明:40mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,坪山柚幼苗受害症状轻,幼苗生长受影响小;80~200mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,随NaCl浓度提高,坪山柚幼苗受害症状逐渐加重,幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。不同浓度NaCl胁迫20d,坪山柚幼苗根及地上部Na+,Cl-,甜菜碱质量分数增加,K+质量分数及K+/Na+质量比下降。NaCl胁迫影响坪山柚幼苗生长与Na+和Cl-大量积累有关。NaCl胁迫下,维持相对稳定的根与冠干重比、保持根K+与Na+质量比>1及根部具有较高的甜菜碱含量,是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的一种适应。      

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下甜菜生长及养分吸收的影响

为了探究外源亚精胺是否具有缓解甜菜盐害作用,采用霍兰营养液室内水培方法,测定了280mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施0.25 mmol/L外源亚精胺后,耐盐‘T510’和盐敏感‘210’甜菜品系幼苗生长、生理及其体内N、P、K养分含量的变化情况。结果发现,盐胁迫下(Na处理),除MDA和P素含量升高外,两品系甜菜幼苗的叶片相对含水量、叶面积、叶绿素含量、幼苗生物量及N、K养分含量指标均明显降低;与Na处理比,喷施亚精胺的盐胁迫处理,除MDA和P素含量降低外,其它指标明显增加,两品系甜菜幼苗生长和养分吸收状况明显改善;外源亚精胺对耐盐‘T510’品系的调节作用大于‘210’品系。因此外源亚精胺能有效缓解盐胁迫对甜菜生长的伤害,对耐盐品系的调节效果更佳。     

Loss of and damage to scallops due to storms in the Sea of Okhotsk

In the coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk off Hokkaido, Japan, the giant ezo scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis ) is widely cultivated on the sea bed, making its fishery a major industry. However, the area experiences intense cyclones, including typhoons, about once a decade and the scallop resources appear to have received severe damage from the storms. Such an event occurred on 29 October 1988. The storm caused 12-m-high wind waves, which appeared to be fully developed sea waves. The water above the sea bed repeatedly moved back and forth at speeds of 1∼2 m s^-1 causing damage to the scallops due to collisions and rubbing with gravel and other scallops. From a comparison of wind data with the annual catch of scallops, intense cyclones seem to play an important role on the year-to-year fluctuations in the scallop fishery.