Ovary colonization by Claviceps africana is related to ergot resistance in male-sterile sorghum lines

Ergot, caused by Claviceps africana , has emerged as a serious threat to sorghum hybrid seed production worldwide. In the absence of gene-for-gene-based qualitative resistance in commercial cultivars, varieties with high pollen production that can escape ergot infection are preferred. Recent demonstration of differences in ergot susceptibility among male-sterile lines has indicated the presence of partial resistance. Using chitin-specific fluorescin-isothiocyanate-conjugated wheat germ agglutin and callose-specific aniline blue, this study investigated the process of sorghum ovary colonization by C. africana . Conidia germinated within 24 h after inoculation (a.i.); the pathogen was established in the ovary by 79 h a.i., and at least half of the ovary was converted into sphacelial tissue by 120 h a.i. Changes in fungal cell wall chitin content and strategic callose deposition in the host tissue were associated with penetration and invasion of the ovary. The rate of ovary colonization differed in three male-sterile lines that also differed in ergot susceptibility. This work demonstrates a possible histological basis for partial resistance in male-sterile sorghum lines that could lay the foundation for variety improvement through further breeding and selection.     

14%苄嘧磺隆·百草敌(快八)可湿性粉剂小麦田除草试验与研究

14%快八可湿性粉剂能有效地防除冬小麦一年生阔叶杂草及具有杀草谱广、用药量少、活性高、见效快、对作物安全等特点,是一种较理想的混配茎叶处理剂。     

内装纸箱集装箱中溴甲烷气体分布及残留检测研究

采用 4 0英尺集装箱熏蒸处理纸箱 ,实验对箱中溴甲烷气体分布及散气后溴甲烷残留进行了检测研究。结果表明 ,温度高低、集装箱中纸箱堆放和电扇鼓风等情况对溴甲烷分布与扩散影响明显。集装箱装满纸箱情况下 ,当温度≥ 2 1℃ ,投药 2h后上、下检测点平均溴甲烷浓度达到最低浓度要求 ;当温度 <2 1℃时 ,投药 2 4h后上检测点平均溴甲烷浓度仍达不到最低浓度要求。当集装箱中间留有通道或使用电扇鼓风情况下 ,投药 2h后各检测点溴甲烷浓度分布达到最低浓度要求。集装箱装满纸箱情况下 ,溴甲烷向大气扩散较慢 ,即使电扇鼓风散气2h ,2 4h后溴甲烷残留量仍达不到安全指标要求。集装箱中间留有通道情况下 ,箱中溴甲烷残留量下降很快 ,并可达到安全指标要求。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎支原体和绵羊肺炎支原体对抗菌药物敏感性的研究

测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y-98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-98的联合药敏作用.结果表明,这8种抗菌药物对Y-goat和Y-98的MIC(μg/mL)分别为:环丙沙星0.223、0.002 23,氧氟沙星0.281、0.014 0,单诺沙星0.136、0.014 0,红霉素0.021 8、无效,罗红霉素0.032 7、无效,泰乐菌素0.042 2、0.039 0,泰妙菌素0.021 7、0.052 0,四环素0.195、0.052 0.红霉素与氧氟沙星的联合药敏指数为1,是相加作用;红霉素与泰乐菌素对Y-goat的联合药敏指数为1.5,是无关作用;四环素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-98的联合药敏试验指数均为0.375,是协同作用.     

蛋鸡血浆VLDL浓度二世代双向选择对体脂沉积的影响

以雅发褐壳蛋鸡为素材,在零世代和一世代双向选择的基础上,应用血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)浓度对体腹脂性状继续进行双向选择,比较了高低脂系间体组成的差异,并研究了中后期血浆VLDL浓度与上述性状的相关程度,进一步探讨了血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应。结果表明:二世代母鸡中后期高脂系体重较高(P<0.05),血浆VLDL浓度与体重呈极显著的表型相关(P<0.01)和中等程度的正遗传相关。62周龄高脂系的腹脂率显著高于低脂系(P<0.05),说明运用血浆VLDL浓度经过二个世代的双向选择,使产蛋鸡中后期体重降低,且对腹脂沉积产生了一定的影响。     

Ranking cows’ methane emissions under commercial conditions with sniffers versus respiration chambers

This study assessed the ranking of dairy cows using individual-level correlations for methane (CH₄) emission on-farm using sniffers and in respiration chambers. In total 20 lactating dairy cows, ten Holstein and ten Jerseys were recorded using sniffers installed in milking robots for three weeks of lactation and subsequently in respiration chambers (RC) where they were each recorded on three occasions within the RC. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to determine the individual-level correlations (r_I) between sniffer and RC phenotypes as proxies for genetic correlations. Despite differences in feeding and management, the predicted CH₄ production from sniffers correlated highly with RC CH₄ production r_I?=?0.77?±?0.18 and CH₄ breath concentration correlated nearly as well with RC CH₄ production r_I?=?0.75?±?0.20. These correlations between sniffers on-farm and RC demonstrate the potential of sniffers measurements as large-scale indicator traits for CH₄ emissions in dairy cattle.     

Evaluation of β‐carotene assimilation in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Although leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are commonly kept under human care, their vitamin requirements are largely unknown. Many invertebrate preys display a low vitamin A concentration; thus, gut‐loading insects with vitamin A or carotenoids is a common practice. The objective of this prospective experimental study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with β‐carotene, including prey gut‐loading, leads to sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage and prevents epithelial squamous metaplasia development in leopard geckos. Ten clinically healthy female leopard geckos were randomly divided in two groups with various supplementations: a group receiving vitamin A supplementation and a group receiving β‐carotene. Insects were gut‐loaded continuously with a supplement containing vitamin A or β‐carotene, depending on the group. Oral supplementation with cod liver oil or carrot juice was administered weekly to each lizard from “vitamin A group” and “carotenoid group” respectively. After 10 weeks of supplementation, surgical hepatic biopsies were obtained in three geckos of each group while the two remaining geckos were euthanized to undergo complete necropsy. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was determined for each lizard (n = 10) by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular vacuolization and vitellogenic follicles in five females. Epithelial squamous metaplasia was not observed in any of the geckos. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was significantly higher in the carotenoid‐supplemented group than in the vitamin A‐supplemented group (p = 0.03). Our results suggest that in leopard geckos, dietary supplementation with β‐carotene allows sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage.     

7株根瘤菌菌株与热研2号柱花草共生最适磷浓度研究

采用水培的方法,设3个磷水平,7个菌株,通过对株高、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、固氮酶活性、茎叶氮含量、茎叶磷含量的测定及综合分析,确定使热研2号柱花草接种不同根瘤菌菌株达到最佳促生性能的磷浓度。结果表明:7个菌株在中磷时鲜重和含氮量最大,低磷不利于鲜重和含氮量的增加;经主因子综合分析,菌株YM11-1、RJS9-2、PN13-3在高磷时对热研2号柱花草有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株LZ3-2、BS1-1、PN13-3在中等磷条件下有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株FS3-1-1在高磷和中磷都有最好的固氮促生效果。