牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用的研究

在查阅大量牧草抗旱性鉴定指标研究资料的基础上,应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ模型,ＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒ－ａｒｃｈｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）理论,根据专家咨询系统的反馈信息,对所选择的６类抗旱性鉴定指标及其２１个指标变量,进行比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标变量在牧草抗旱性综合评价体系中的权重及重要程度次序。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。     

Epidemiology of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs

BACKGROUND: Although the histopathologic features of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) have been described previously, little information is available concerning the signalment, geographic distribution, seasonal onset, treatment, and survival of affected dogs. ANIMALS: Sixty Pugs with NME and 14 contemporaneous control Pugs with other intracranial diseases (non-NME group). METHODS: Pugs that were euthanized or died because of intracranial disease were prospectively obtained. All dogs had necropsy, histopathology, and testing for various infectious diseases and were subsequently divided into NME and non-NME groups. Signalment, geographic distribution, seasonal onset, treatment, and survival were compared between groups. RESULTS: In Pugs with NME, median age at onset of clinical signs was 18 months (range, 4-113 months). A greater proportion of female dogs were present in the NME group (40/60) compared with the control group (6/14). Pugs with NME had a significantly lower mean weight (7.81 kg) than control Pugs (9.79 kg) (P= .012). Mean survival in Pugs with NME was 93 days (range, 1-680 days), with dogs receiving any form of treatment living significantly longer than those that were not treated (P= .003). Anticonvulsive drugs were the only treatment significantly associated with longer survival (P= .003). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: NME appears to be a common cause of intracranial signs in Pugs, based on the high proportion of NME dogs reported in this population. Pugs with NME are most commonly young adult female dogs. Although further investigation is needed to determine the optimal treatment of NME, anticonvulsive drugs appear to beneficially affect duration of survival.     

高寒草地畜牧业产业化的障碍与实现路径——以甘南州合作市为例

草地畜牧业是合作市的主导产业,受自然条件和社会经济发育程度的深刻影响,农牧业经济要素互补性差;畜牧业内部同构性较强,区域分工不明显;畜产品的商品化过程粗放、低质、低效;畜产品加工企业门类不全,规模不大,带动性差;普遍缺少各种形式的中介机构和协会,农牧民自组织能力不足;缺少交易市场,要素流动受阻,致使畜牧业产业化进程缓慢。因此,在保护草原生态环境的前提下,加强基地建设,大力发展龙头企业,强化农牧业服务体系,实现草地畜牧业向现代畜牧业转型。     

草地对全球气候变化的响应及其碳汇潜势研究

 本研究用综合顺序分类法（ＣＳＣＳ）分析了１９５０－２０００年和２００１－２０５０年期间的草原类型演替及碳汇动态。证明中国草地的碳汇主体依次是冻原和高山草地、温带湿润草地、斯泰普草地和半荒漠草地大类,占中国潜在草地总面积的８５．５２％,年碳汇潜力占中国潜在草地年碳汇潜力的９３．２９％。全球草地的碳汇主体是萨王纳、冻原和高山草地大类,两者的面积和占全球潜在草地总面积的４８．５０％,年碳汇潜力占全球潜在草地年碳汇潜力的７２．２２％。在全球气候暖干化的强（Ａ２ａ）、弱（Ｂ２ａ）情景下,与当前（１９５０－２０００年）情景相比,中国将呈现草地面积减少,林地面积增加的态势;与中国的趋势相反,全球将呈现草地面积增加,林地面积减少的态势。在全球暖干化的Ａ２ａ和Ｂ２ａ模式下,草地年碳汇潜力,中国将分别提升１４．６％和１８．５％,全球将分别提升１７．３％ 和１６．８％。但两者的增长方式不同,全球是以温带湿润草地大类年碳汇潜力大幅增加为特征,而中国是以负增长为特征。我国的暖干化趋势在草地年碳汇潜力上的反映较之全球更强烈。尽管造成全球气候暖干化的自然因素远非人力所能控制,但系统问题只能靠系统综合的办法治理。这是草地工作者当前的使命。     

重庆上市公司互保圈现象的会计思考

在市场经济环境下，贷款担保作为上市公司融通资金的一种方式，是企业的一种正常的经营行为。它可以减少交易风险、促进资本市场发展。然而，目前由于种种原因，上市公司互保不仅没有起到化解市场风险的作用，反而加大了证券市场和金融市场的风险，严重扰乱了资本市场的正常运行。因此，本文拟通过思考重庆“互保圈”现象，分析“互保圈”形成的原因及危害，并由此提出相应的对策与建议。     

Lens formation in the absence of optic cup in rat embryos irradiated with soft X-ray

In order to investigate the effect of soft X-ray irradiation on ocular development, pregnant rats were exposed to a single 12.5 Gy irradiation on embryonic day 9 (ED 9). The embryos obtained by laparotomy on ED 12 and 21 were examined for ocular abnormalities under a binocular stereo-microscope and a light microscope. The ED 12 embryos were stained with osmium tetroxide to facilitate the observation. The stereo-microscopic examination on ED 12 and 21 revealed various types of ocular abnormalities characterized primarily by aplasia or hypoplasia of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode. The light microscopic examination further confirmed these findings histomorphologically, and the hypoplastic abnormalities were classified into three types: (1) hypoplasia of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode, (2) complete malformation of the optic cup and hypoplasia of the invaginated lens placode, and (3) complete malformation of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode. Because the lens was formed in the complete absence of the retina, the development and differentiation of the retina and lens do not seem to be tightly synchronized. Thus, this sequential analysis on ocular abnormalities during the early stage of development supports the notion that the presence of the retina is not always necessary for the development of the lens.     

陇西南塬区农业生产系统结构与效益研究

本研究通过对陇西南塬区农业生产系统的结构分析，确认该系统的特征为产业结构不合理（以种植业为主），种植业以粮食生产为主，复种指数低（１１１％）；养殖业中草食家畜比例低，饲养技术落后，良种率低；林果业效益低下；人口密度高，劳动力过剩，生产能源短缺等。通过系统分析提出了调控方针，该系统整体效益提高的关键是发展以草食家畜为核心的养殖业，种植业应及时调整结构，提高经济作物和饲料作物的比例，提高复种指数，林果