长输管道水力瞬变仿真

根据各种管道边界的瞬变方程和管道水击的连锁Ａｌｌｉｅｖｉ方法，针对具有实际元器件和边界的长输管道的不稳定流动，设计了基于特征线差分解法的分析流程和仿真计算程序。利用长输管道水击数值计算所得线路上各节点的瞬态值进行Ｂ样条曲线拟合，实现了水力瞬变过程中线路水力坡降线及某些水力参数变化情况的图形输出 。     

木材流体渗透理论与研究方法

为较全面系统地了解木材流体渗透理论研究现状,从流体在多孔介质内的主要类型与流动理论、流体在木材内的主要流通通道及木材流体渗透性研究的主要理论与试验方法等几方面进行综合概述,提出木材流体渗透性理论研究的主要发展方向.试验观察应采取更先进的手段,动态观察流体尤其是液体渗透木材的整个连续过程,并构筑更合理的木材流体简化结构渗透模型,以较少的参数反映更完整的流体渗透途径;理论研究应借鉴木材干燥过程中应用较成熟的传质传热模型,建筑多孔材料如水泥、石、砖等的渗透性研究,土壤流体渗透性及地下石油流体渗透性研究方面应用较成熟的理论和方法,并拓宽木材渗透性的研究对象,建立符合木材非稳态渗透实际过程的二维或三维理论模型,以更逼真地模拟木材流体渗透过程;2种方法结合起来,定性和定量完整描述木材流体渗透机制.     

对液压传动车辆油液的正确选择及使用

对液压油的分类及物理、化学性能及污染物类型做了简单介绍,主要对液压油的正确选择和使用提出了要求。     

Effects of Inhibition of Different Rumen Microbial Activity on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Buffaloes

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH₄,pH,VFA,NH₃-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH₄ production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH₄ production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH₄ production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH₃-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH₄ yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH₄ production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism.     

不同处理玉米的有机物质瘤胃降解率及小肠消化率的研究

用３头带瘤胃瘘管的杂种肉牛测定玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米有机物质（ＯＭ）和非蛋白质有机物质（ＮＰＯＭ）的瘤胃动态降解率，ＯＭ分别为５３．０３％，４３．９１％，５３．５７％，３５．７３％和３８．８５％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为５３．６７％，４８．０６％，５５．７２％，３９．２４％和４４．４８％。用酶解法（牛小肠液冻干粉（ＢＩＦ））测得玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米１２小时瘤胃非降解ＯＭ的消化率分别为７４．３９％，７６．２６％，７５．５４％，７７．８８％和７７．４３％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为６３．９２％，６４．７８％，６４．４３％，６７．７８％和６５．００％。     

预处理对SFE提取月见草种子、被孢霉菌丝体油脂的影响

以月见草种子、被孢霉菌丝体为超临界流体萃取(SFE)的试验材料,研究了不同预处理条件(水分、粉碎度、粉碎方式)在不同萃取压力下对超临界流体萃取油脂得率的影响;确定粉碎度、粉碎方式、水分与油脂萃取之间的关系。     

阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵特性和营养物质消化的影响

应用双外流连续培养系统模拟瘤胃发酵,研究不同阴阳离子差(DCAD)水平的阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化率的影响。试验分2期进行,每期12个发酵罐,3个1组,分别投入4种不同DCAD水平的饲粮:+120-、9-、77-、145 mEq/kgDM,后3种饲粮通过添加阴离子添加剂降低DCAD。结果表明:①阴离子饲粮对瘤胃发酵pH值、氨态氮浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、主要挥发酸的摩尔比例均没有显著影响(P>0.2)。②对饲粮干物质、有机质、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白消化率没有显著影响(P>0.2)。③对瘤胃微生物合成效率没有显著影响(P>0.2)。试验结论为阴离子饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和饲粮营养物质消化率没有显著影响。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of sapogenins from tubers of Smilax china

Supercritical CO(2) fluid extraction (SFE-CO(2)) was used to extract the sapogenins after acid hydrolysis from Smilax china tubers. The influence of extraction variables, such as modifier, pressure, temperature and extraction time, were studied. SFE-CO(2) was found to produce higher yield than conventional solvent extraction. The highest yield (0.454%) of sapogenins, mostly containing diosgenin, was obtained using 35 MPa pressure, 65 degrees C and 95% EtOH as a modifier for 180 min, higher than that obtained with conventional extraction methods (0.385%).     

天然动植物色素的特性及其提取技术概况

综述了天然生物色素在动植物体中的分布和特定生理功能。概括了动植物色素的主要提取方法及其发展状况：直接破碎原料、溶剂浸提、物理技术辅助浸提和现代仪器提取分离等;指出超临界流体萃取(SFE)是较具发展潜力的高效萃取方法,有利于提高色素产品质量。