玉米根系分泌物缓解连作花生土壤酚酸类物质的 化感抑制作用

为探讨玉米//花生间作系统中玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质化感作用的影响机制，采用二氯甲烷提取了玉米抽雄期根系分泌物，添加到含有不同浓度的连作花生根系分泌物中主要的三种酚酸类物质（肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸）混合物的土壤中，研究了土壤微生态环境变化情况。结果表明，酚酸类物质对土壤微生物量、微生物活性、酶活性及养分含量均存在化感抑制作用，且浓度越高，抑制作用越强（P＜0.05）。整个培养时期，添加玉米根系分泌物均增加了酚酸类物质处理土壤呼吸强度、酶活性、微生物量及养分含量，以低浓度处理增幅较大，分别平均增加7.58%、6.73%、7.72%和4.90%；降低了酚酸类物质对土壤各指标的化感指数，其中低浓度酚酸类物质处理土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物活性、酶活性和养分含量的化感指数分别降低21.57%、21.19%、 26.32%和20.95%。3次取样，酚酸类物质的化感作用呈先增强后降低的趋势，各处理在第10d达到最强；而玉米根系分泌物对酚酸类物质化感作用的影响以处理第5d最强，随后呈减弱趋势。玉米根系分泌物可在一定程度上缓解酚酸类物质对土壤微生态环境的化感作用，为玉米//花生间作缓解花生连作障碍技术提供了理论依据。     

Root distribution patterns of peanut genotypes with different drought resistance levels under early‐season drought stress

Drought severely limits crop yield of peanut. Yet cultivars with enhanced root development enable the exploration of a greater volume of soil for water and nutrients, helping the plant survive. Root distribution patterns of three genotypes (ICGV 98305, ICGV 98324 and Tifton‐8) were compared when grown in well‐watered rhizoboxes and when grown in rhizoboxes where an early‐season drought was imposed using rain‐exclusion shelters. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the experiment was conducted during two seasons at the Field Crop Research Station of Khon Kaen University, in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The root system of ICGV 98305, when grown under drought, had a significantly higher root length in the 30–110 cm deep soil layers and less roots in the 0–30 cm soil layers when under drought than when grown under well‐watered conditions. Roots of Tifton‐8 had the largest reductions in root length in upper soil layer and reduced in most soil layers. Tifton‐8 grown under drought was smaller than under well‐watered control for all root traits, showing negative response to drought. The peanut genotypes with high root traits in deeper soil layer under early‐season drought might contribute to drought avoidance mechanism.     

Improved visualization of the lumbar spine nerve roots in dogs using water excitation (ProSet) as opposed to short tau inversion recovery: A retrospective study of two fat suppression MRI sequences

Magnetic resonance imaging fat suppression techniques are commonly used for diagnosis of canine spinal disease, however, studies comparing different techniques are currently lacking. This retrospective, methods comparison study aimed to evaluate water excitation and STIR MRI pulse sequences for visualization of canine lumbar spinal nerve roots. For inclusion, all dogs had to have dorsal planar MRI studies of the lumbar spine using both sequences. Visual grading analysis was used for scoring the following five criteria: degree of fat suppression; nerve root visualization; subjective tissue contrast; presence of noise; and overall better image quality. Scores were independently recorded by three board‐certified veterinary radiologists on two separate occasions, 3‐6 weeks apart. A total of 90 dogs were sampled. A two‐tailed t‐test showed that there were significant differences in all scored parameters (P < 0.00001), with the exception of noise (P = 0.47343), and that the water excitation sequence scored higher in all cases excluding noise. A Gwets AC kappa for intraobserver and interobserver reliability showed “almost perfect” agreement for the nerve roots in both tests (intra: k = 0.88; inter: k = 0.90). Intraobserver agreement was “substantial” for the degree of fat suppression (k = 0.68), subjective tissue contrast (k = 0.75), and overall better image quality (k = 0.76) and it was “fair” for the noise (k = 0.46). Interobserver agreement was “moderate” for the degree of fat suppression (k = 0.53), subjective tissue contrast (k = 0.63), and overall better image quality (k = 0.66) and “slight” for noise (k = 0.25). These findings supported using the water excitation pulse sequence for fat‐suppressed MRI of canine lumbar spinal nerve roots.     

苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

为探讨烯效唑(S3307)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5d)和叶面喷施20mg·L^-1S3307处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S3307响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S3307与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S3307通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。     

种草和施用聚丙烯酰胺对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的影响研究

为探究种植草类和施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对荒坡紫色土抗侵蚀性的影响,尤其是对其抗剪和抗蚀性能的影响,选取狗牙根和三叶草进行盆栽试验,设计了对照、单植草类、单施PAM和复合措施(“草类+PAM”)4类处理开展研究,测定了根系指标和土壤理化性状指标,计算了土壤的抗剪强度指标和抗蚀性指标。结果表明,狗牙根和三叶草根系均能显著降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度和有机质含量(P<0.05),有效增强土壤的抗剪和抗蚀性能;施加PAM能有效促进上述草类各径级根系的生长,显著改善土壤的微结构(P<0.05),尤其是非毛管孔隙度(单施PAM为CK的1.15~1.31倍),提高土体抗剪强度及内摩擦角φ,增大粒径>0.25 mm、>0.5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径等抗蚀性指标;PAM对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的增强效果存在最优浓度;草类根系对土壤抗剪性能的影响较抗蚀性能明显,能显著提高土体的抗剪性能(P<0.05),尤其是增大土壤粘聚力;PAM对土壤抗蚀性能的影响较抗剪性能明显,能显著促进土壤团聚体大颗粒的形成和小颗粒的减少,显著提高土壤团聚度和改善土壤团聚结构等(P<0.05);较单一措施,“草类+PAM”对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的增强效果最为明显,其中狗牙根与30 g·m^-3的PAM混施时效果最优;0相似文献   

垂丝海棠插穗生根与可溶性蛋白和激素变化的关系

利用SDS-PADE电泳技术和酶联免疫吸附分析法,研究了垂丝海棠插穗切口处的可溶性蛋白质变化和激素变化与生根的关系.结果表明:46KD、39KD、31KD、28KD、26KD、24KD等可溶性蛋白质等与生根有关.其中,39KD、26KD、24KD是调控蛋白,其作用是诱导细胞的脱分化和再分化,愈伤组织形成及根原基的产生有关,当不定根形成后即消失,46KD、31KD、28KD蛋白是伴随不定根产生而新形成的蛋白,促进垂丝海棠插穗的生根,46KD蛋白是一种阻碍细胞分化的蛋白,对生根不利.     

不同氮肥及用量对潍县青萝卜肉质根叶绿素含量的影响

以潍县青萝卜为试材,研究磷酸氢二铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵和尿素4种氮肥的4种施用量(125、250、375、500kg·hm~(-2))对潍县青萝卜肉质根叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:叶绿素含量在肉质根生长前期、中期、后期呈下降趋势,且不受肥料种类及用量的影响。不同氮肥种类和用量对潍县青萝卜肉质根叶绿素含量的影响不同,其中硝酸铵的影响最小;375 kg·hm~(-2)磷酸氢二铵和125、250 kg·hm~(-2)硫酸铵有利于韧皮部叶绿素的积累;375 kg·hm~(-2)磷酸氢二铵和尿素有利于木质部叶绿素的积累。施用375 kg·hm~(-2)的磷酸氢二铵时,潍县青萝卜肉质根的叶绿素含量最高。     

Effect of quinoa flour on gluten-free bread batter rheology and bread quality

A new gluten-free bread formulations composed of quinoa, buckwheat, rice flour and potato starch were developed in the present study. Rheological characteristics of the bread batter with increasing amount of quinoa were determined; storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values were also measured for investigation of viscoelastic properties. To evaluate the quality of breads; technological and physical (bake loss %, specific volume, texture, microstructure, color), chemical (protein, moisture, ash) and sensory properties were determined. All batter formulations independent of the quinoa amount exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and G′ values were found to be higher than G″ values in expressing the solid like characteristics of the batter. Amount of quinoa flour addition did not present significant difference on bake loss%, specific volume and protein content (p>0.05); however, 25% quinoa flour bread displayed better results with its higher sensory scores and softer texture. Quinoa and buckwheat flour mixture therefore will be a good alternative for conventional gluten-free bread formulations.     

基于RNA-Seq技术的苜蓿根蘖性状发生相关下调基因

为了从分子水平上分析苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根蘖性状的发生机制,对根蘖型苜蓿的根蘖与非根蘖根部进行RNA-seq转录组文库构建,并分析差异表达基因及其功能。分别提取品系"BL-101"的根蘖型苜蓿根蘖与非根蘖部位总RNA,利用磁珠法分离m RNA后通过PCR扩增构建RNA-Seq转录组文库,并对差异表达基因进行分析,得到差异表达基因15 978条,本研究重点分析下调基因,通过生物过程分类,发现与根蘖性状发生有关的表达下调的基因为5个,经生物学信息分析确定,其中2个属于Lon蛋白酶家族,其余分别属于植物肌动蛋白酶家族,硫氧还蛋白和脂氧合酶,其与植物抗逆性相关,且与植物激素ABA的调控有关。研究结果可以为探讨苜蓿根蘖性状发生的分子机制提供理论依据。     

莲藕施肥机无轴双螺旋供肥装置性能分析与试验

针对藕田施肥过程中存在的劳动强度高、施肥稳定性及均匀性较低的问题,设计了一种水力喷射式莲藕施肥机,其主要分为供肥装置和水肥混合装置,主要对无轴双螺旋供肥装置进行了设计与分析。通过理论分析确定影响供肥性能参数主要为螺旋转速、直径和导程,结合藕田施肥农艺要求确定上述3项参数的取值范围。利用EDEM对无轴双螺旋供肥性能进行离散元仿真分析,以供肥量均值和供肥量稳定性变异系数为评价指标分别进行单因素试验和回归正交旋转组合试验。单因素试验结果表明：供肥量均值随着螺旋转速、直径和导程的增大而增大,并且具有良好的线性关系,因此可通过调节供肥螺旋转速、直径和导程来改变供肥量均值;供肥量稳定性变异系数随着螺旋转速和导程的增大呈现先降低后升高的趋势,而随着直径的增大而减小。运用Design-Expert软件对回归正交旋转组合试验结果进行分析优化,分别开展仿真试验和台架试验对优化后的参数进行验证。结果表明,当螺旋转速为160 r·min^-1,螺旋直径为78 mm,螺旋导程为53 mm时,仿真结果供肥量均值为329.43 g·s^-1,供肥量稳定性变异系数为1.43%,...