8种生物农药对草原蝗虫的田间防治效果评价

应用4种绿僵菌、白僵菌、0.3%印楝素、1%苦参碱和森得保8种生物农药对草原蝗虫进行了田间药效对比试验,以期筛选出防效较好的生物农药用于大面积推广.研究表明,0.3%印揀素、1%苦参碱和森得保防治效果显著优于其他5种生物杀虫剂,药后11 d防效均在90%以上.几种杀蝗绿僵菌油悬浮剂药后11 d防效在65%以上,白僵菌油...     

羊沙门氏菌病流行与防治

羊沙门氏菌病是是由多种致病性沙门氏菌感染引发的一种急性传染性疾病,不同年龄品种的羊都可以受到病原侵染,其中对羔羊造成的危害最为严重,尤其是断奶不久后的羔羊感染沙门氏菌后,表现的临床症状最为明显,致死率最高。临床上由于致病性沙门氏菌的种类较多,侵染途径多样,一旦受到病原侵染,将很难清理,会造成羊群反复流行,带来的经济损失不可估量。该文主要探讨羊沙门氏菌病的流行特点与防治措施。     

鸡呼吸道疾病鉴别诊断与防治

呼吸道疾病是目前威胁鸡养殖产业健康发展的一类重大动物疫病,呼吸道疾病的病原种类多种多样,且造成的临床症状大致相同,诊断难度较大,如果没有进行妥善有效的鉴别、诊断,易造成整体的治疗方案缺乏针对性,难以在短时间内控制病情,错过最佳的防控时期。鸡呼吸道疾病常常混合感染并发感染,2种以上的病原相互叠加表现的临床症状复杂,诊断难度更大。该文主要论述鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断和防治措施。     

雏鹅死亡原因及防治措施

鹅是草食水禽类动物,具有独特的生物学特征和生理特征。雏鹅是指21日龄内的小鹅,该阶段鹅绒毛稀少,身体较小,体温调节能力不足,消化机能不健全,对外界环境的适应能力和抗病能力普遍较弱,一旦饲养管理不当,没有进行妥善的疫苗免疫接种,易造成病原的传播流行,引发死亡。在雏鹅阶段,应充分掌握引发死亡的具体原因,并从养殖管理等诸多环节入手,为雏鹅营造健康舒适的生长环境,提高群体的身体抵抗能力,降低发病率和死亡率,确保养殖安全。该文主要结合一个鹅场的养殖案例,论述引起雏鹅死亡的原因,并提出相应的防治措施。     

Avian anaesthesia related mortality and the associated risk factors in a UK zoological collection

ObjectiveTo analyse avian anaesthesia-related mortality in a UK zoological collection over a 5-year period and identify risk factors for mortality.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsA total of 135 individual birds across 37 species, anaesthetized during 206 events in a UK zoological collection between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2019 (inclusive).MethodsAnaesthesia records were reviewed and variables such as age, body condition, weight, sex, duration of anaesthesia and health status were collated. Anaesthesia-related mortality was defined as those deaths occurring during anaesthesia and up to 7 days postanaesthesia. Outcome was analysed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Overall mortality was defined and included birds euthanised during anaesthesia for non-anaesthesia related reasons. Data were summarised as median (range). A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the association between risk factors and anaesthetic death where a statistically significant difference was found.ResultsThe overall mortality rate was 10.19% (95% CI = 6.06–14.3%), while anaesthesia-related mortality was 3.88% (95% CI = 1.69–7.51%). Birds with an abnormal health status had a 15.53-fold (95% CI = 1.95–123.63) increased risk of death compared with those with a normal health status. The duration of anaesthesia was also a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.021) in the univariable analysis, but not when combined with health status. No other variables were associated with anaesthesia-related mortality.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAbnormal health status and longer anaesthetic procedures were associated with a significantly increased risk of anaesthesia-related death in this population of birds. It is recommended that anaesthetic duration is minimized, and pre-existing diseases are diagnosed where possible prior to general anaesthesia of birds. Anaesthetizing healthy birds was associated with a low risk of mortality.     

Prevalence of feline calicivirus and the distribution of serum neutralizing antibody against isolate strains in cats of Hangzhou,China

BackgroundFeline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen of felids, and FCV vaccination is regularly practiced. The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of FCV hinder the effective control and prevention of infection by vaccination. Improved knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of FCV should assist in the development of more effective vaccines.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of FCV in a population of cats with FCV-suspected clinical signs in Hangzhou and to demonstrate the antigenic and genetic relationships between vaccine status and representative isolated FCV strains.MethodsCats (n = 516) from Hangzhou were investigated between 2018 and 2020. The association between risk factors and FCV infection was assessed. Phylogenetic analyses based on a capsid coding sequence were performed to identify the genetic relationships between strains. In vitro virus neutralization tests were used to assess antibody levels against isolated FCV strains in client-owned cats.ResultsThe FCV-positive rate of the examined cats was 43.0%. Risk factors significantly associated with FCV infection were vaccination status and oral symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a radial phylogeny with no evidence of temporal or countrywide clusters. There was a significant difference in the distribution of serum antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated cats.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of FCV in Hangzhou. The results indicate that the efficacy of FCV vaccination is unsatisfactory. More comprehensive and refined vaccination protocols are an urgent and unmet need.     

口蹄疫悬浮灭活疫苗质量控制措施

结合几年来的口蹄疫生产质量管理实践,对质量控制的意义及质量控制的保证措施（原辅料、工艺、检验等方面对质量控制措施）等方面进行了综述和探讨,为建立科学合理的质量控制措施,保证产品质量提供参考.     

不同除草剂对糜子田杂草的防除效果及糜子产量的影响

探究不同除草剂对糜子(Panicum miliaceum)田杂草的防效以及对糜子生长发育的影响,为除草剂在糜子田的安全使用提供依据.试验以糜子品种'榆糜2号'为材料,土壤封闭型除草剂330g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油、10％单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂在糜子播种后出苗前喷施;茎叶型除草剂36％唑草·苯磺隆可湿性粉剂、55％苯·唑·2甲...     

鼠伤寒沙门菌烈性噬菌体的分离鉴定与生物学特性

旨在分离鼠伤寒沙门菌烈性噬菌体,为控制该病原菌感染或污染提供生物制剂.以1株从市售散装牛奶中分离到的多重耐药性鼠伤寒沙门菌为宿主菌,采用人工诱导方法,连续1周每日给3只试验鸡饲喂宿主菌悬液,7 d后,采用双层琼脂平板法从试验鸡粪便中分离培养噬菌体,并对其效价、核酸类型、宿主谱、热稳定性与酸碱耐受性以及对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染...     

婴幼儿配方乳粉中甲醛含量测定及暴露污染评估

采用气相色谱定量及气相色谱-质谱确证,建立婴幼儿配方乳粉中甲醛含量的测定方法,并对网购45份婴幼儿配方乳粉中甲醛的污染水平进行调查分析与暴露风险评估.通过优化前处理条件,考察方法的线性关系、精密度、准确度、检出限及定量限等指标,采用外标法定量.结果表明:该方法在0～10μg范围内线性良好(r>0.999),方法检出限为...