Surgery: Comparison of three closure methods and two absorbable suture materials for closure of jejunal enterotomy incisions in healthy dogs

Summary

The macroscopic and histological appearance of jejunal antimesenteric incisions approximated with two different absorbable suture materials (monofilament versus multifilament) and three closure techniques (appositional single layer, crushing single layer, and double layer) were compared in healthy dogs at 14 or 28 days, postoperatively. No significant differences between the two suture materials were observed for most of the macroscopic or histological variables. However, the monofilament suture material caused significantly more fibrous tissue reaction in the muscular layer of the jejunum than did the multifilament suture material. Of the three enterotomy closure techniques used in this study, the appositional single‐layer method proved to be the best. The double‐layer closure method caused a significant decrease in the incisional circumference, the relative circumference, and volume of the jejunum, and a significant increase in jejunal wall thickness. Our findings suggest that canine jejunal enterotomy incisions can be closed using an appositional suture pattern with relatively rapidly absorbable monofilament suture material. The use of double‐layer suture patterns for closure of jejunal enterotomy incisions should be avoided because the size of the intestinal lumen may be reduced.     

鸡肝脏交感传入神经元的定位研究

用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶(CT-HRP)逆行追踪法,研究了支配家禽肝脏的交感传入神经元定位。选用体重1.5 kg~2.5 kg的成年母鸡7只,将CT-HRP溶液注入肝门区,动物存活3 d~4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取胸、腰和荐段各脊神经节,制成50μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观察统计。结果发现,支配鸡肝脏的交感传入神经元胞体位于T2~T7脊神经节,其峰值位于T5、T6脊神经节。说明支配鸡肝脏的交感传入神经元胞体仅位于胸段脊神经节。     

The risk of death: the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities

Objective To estimate the risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related mortality in companion animals in the UK. (The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities, CEPSAF). Study design A prospective cohort study with nested case–control study. Animal population All small animals anaesthetized and sedated at participating centres between June 2002 and June 2004. Methods Patient outcomes at 48 hours (alive, dead and killed) were recorded. Anaesthetic and sedation‐related death was defined as death where surgical or pre‐existing medical causes did not solely cause death. Species‐specific risks of anaesthetic‐related death and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Risks were also estimated in the sub‐sets of dogs, cats and rabbits that were either healthy or sick (ASA 1–2 and 3–5, respectively). Results One hundred and seventeen veterinary practices participated in the study and 98 036 dogs, 79 178 cats and 8209 rabbits were anaesthetized and sedated. Overall risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related death in dogs were 0.17% (1 in 601, 95% CI 0.14–0.19%), in cats 0.24% (1 in 419, 95% CI 0.20–0.27%) and in rabbits 1.39% (1 in 72, 95% CI 1.14–1.64%) within 48 hours of the procedure. In healthy dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were estimated to be 0.05% (1 in 1849, 95% CI 0.04–0.07%), 0.11%, (1 in 895, 95% CI 0.09–0.14%) and 0.73% (1 in 137, 95% CI 0.54–0.93%), respectively. In sick dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were 1.33%, (1 in 75, 95% CI 1.07–1.60%), 1.40% (1 in 71, 95% CI 1.12–1.68%) and 7.37% (1 in 14, 95% CI 5.20–9.54%), respectively. Postoperative deaths accounted for 47% of deaths in dogs, 61% in cats and 64% in rabbits. Most other small animal species had higher mortality risks. Conclusions and clinical relevance Small animal anaesthesia appears to be increasingly safe. Greater patient care in the postoperative period could reduce fatalities.     

Multivariate relationships between epidemiologic risk factors and zoonotic infections among military personnel in the country of Georgia: A non‐linear canonical correlation analysis

Zoonotic diseases are endemic in the country of Georgia. Using the non‐linear canonical correlation (NCC) method, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thirteen epidemiological risk factors and seropositivity to five zoonotic infections (anthrax, Q fever, tularemia, leptospirosis, and Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF]) among Georgian military recruits during 2014–2016. According to this multivariate statistical technique, which is suitable for the analysis of two or more sets of qualitative variables simultaneously, two canonical variables were identified. These variables accounted for 68% of the variation between the two sets of categorical variables (“risk factors” and “zoonotic infections”). For the first canonical variable, there was a relationship among CCHF (canonical loading, which is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson's correlation coefficient, [cl] = 0.715), tick bites (cl = 0.418) and slaughter of animals (cl = 0.351). As for the second canonical variable, Q fever (cl = ?0.604) and leptospirosis (cl = ?0.486) were related to rodents inside and outside home (cl = ?0.346) and sweeping in or around home (cl = ?0.317). The NCC method allows researchers to obtain additional insights into the complex relationship between epidemiological risk factors and multiple zoonotic infections.     

某牛场粪源大肠杆菌0157∶H7的分离鉴定

为了解重庆市某牛场牛群大肠杆菌O157∶H7的感染情况,我们以牛场犊牛为研究对象,采集其新鲜粪便,经LB培养基增菌培养、免疫磁珠富集后,在山梨醇麦康凯琼脂上划线培养,最后PCR扩增eaeA基因目的片段,以此分离鉴定粪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7。结果显示：在所采集的39份犊牛粪便样品中,分离得到一株符合大肠杆菌O157∶H7生长特点且含有eaeA基因的菌株。     

Comparison and sensitivity of measurement techniques for spatial distribution of soil salinity

In Khorezm, a district of Uzbekistan situated in the Aral Sea Basin, soil salinization is an important driver of soil degradation in irrigated agriculture. The main objective of this study was to identify techniques that enable rapid estimation of soil salinity. Therefore, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil (EC_a-meas) was measured with three different devices (2P, 4P, and CM-138) and electrical conductivity of the soil paste (EC_p-meas) was measured with the so-called 2XP device. These measurements were compared with independent estimates of EC_a-calc and EC_p-calc based on laboratory measurements of the saturated extract, EC_e, of soil samples from the same sites. Soil salinity could be assessed satisfactorily with all four devices. EC_p-meas could be well reproduced by the 2XP device (R ² = 0.76), whereas EC_a-meas estimates using 2P, 4P, and CM-138 in the field were less accurate (R ² < 0.50). The sensitivity of all devices to the main ions Cl⁻ and Ca^{2 +} suggests that the measuring principles are similar for all instruments. The devices can therefore be used interchangeably. Field assessment of soil salinity was considerably enhanced by the use of CM-138, because large areas can be quickly assessed, which may be desirable in spite of the lower accuracy.     

诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的新方法

本文探讨利用瑞氏染色法和旦尼氏染色法诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的可能性。试验结果表明,用此方法,在病株枝条或主根的横切面上,韧皮部的病原寄生部位被染成兰色或青色,呈阳性反应,健株组织切片的韧皮部则不着色,呈阴性反应。可作为桑黄化型萎缩病病株的实验诊断手段。     

南极磷虾粉潜在危害因子分析及风险评价进展

南极磷虾粉是目前南极磷虾船载加工的主要产品之一,富含优质蛋白质、脂质、磷脂、虾青素和矿物质等物质,具有良好的开发利用前景。目前,南极磷虾粉主要用作水产动物饲料及提取油脂等的原料。然而,研究表明南极磷虾粉也存在潜在危害因子不明确等问题,严重限制了其应用领域和范围的拓展。因此,本文分析了南极磷虾粉潜在危害因子的来源、限量标准、检测方法等,介绍了南极磷虾粉风险评估进展,旨在为南极磷虾粉危害因子的减除和深度利用提供参考依据。     

猪人工授精技术的探讨

猪人工授精技术是以种猪的培育和商品猪的生产为目的,进行科学养猪、实现养猪生产现代化的重要手段。作者就其优点、授精的几个重要环节、影响授精效果的原因分析、面临的问题、发展前景等做简单介绍。     

土壤施用喹硫磷防治桑瘿蚊试验

经三年防治桑瘿蚊农药筛选试验和家蚕残毒测定结果表明,5%喹硫磷粉剂是取代有机氯农药防治桑瘿蚊的有效土壤处理剂.得出:(1)5%喹硫磷粉剂对防治桑瘿蚊有良好的效果.1983年小区试验校正防效为95.7%,1984年和1985年大田试验为89.14—91.56%,与有机氯农药相似.(2)施用安全,采用施药区内桑叶养蚕均无急性中毒现象发生.(3)越冬代桑瘿蚊的生活力,休眠体最强,蛹最弱,在5月中旬对越冬代桑瘿蚊的蛹期施药效果最好.但是,喹硫磷对桑瘿蚊的各个发育阶段都有良好的毒杀作用.