兽药中非法添加物检测及风险防范技术研究

本文总结了近年来兽药中非法添加的规律,分析成因;全面梳理现有检测标准,对非法添加物检测方法的检测对象和目标药物进行统计分析,研究检测方法发展及内在联系。在非法添加物检测方法提升和风险防范方面进行思考,提出筛查与确证方法并重、进一步扩大检测方法适用性、加强高效、高通量检测技术研究、拓展非法添加物检测品种范围;加强检查与宣传、疏堵结合,全面减少非法添加风险。     

崑嵛山野生黄伞蛋白质营养价值评价

黄伞[Pholiota adiposa (Fr.) Quél.],又名多脂鳞伞,柳蘑,是一种北方特有的野生珍稀食用菌.该菇味道鲜美,风味独特,富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素及多种矿物质元素,尤其是菌盖表面有一种特殊的黏液.生化分析结果证明这种物质是一种核酸,对人体精力、脑力的恢复有效果[1].另外,黄伞多糖对小白鼠肉瘤180和艾氏腹水癌的抑制率达80%～90%,还可预防葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌和结核杆菌感染[2].     

非最终灭菌无菌灌装生产工艺人员微生物质量风险分析

为最大程度地降低药品无菌工艺生产中微生物污染的风险,以重组溶葡萄球菌酶粉的生产过程为例,利用休哈特控制图、饼图统计工具、失效模式及影响分析(FMEA)风险工具对生产中操作人员可能引入微生物污染的五个因素(手套、前臂、胸口、前额、口罩)进行了监控和风险分析.试验结果表明,口罩的微生物检测结果最差,手套为污染的高风险因素.经过最差条件干预的培养基模拟灌装试验,验证了以预防为主的微生物质量控制措施可以有效控制无菌灌装生产工艺中人员对药品污染的风险.     

畜产品质量风险控制系统架构研究与设计

针对畜产品质量风险控制现状,明确质量、安全、风险三者之间的区别,研究畜产品质量风险衍生机理模式,建立畜产品风险系统,确定可控风险类型。在此基础上建立畜产品风险控制架构设计原则;基于三维风险,构造风险控制模块化系统并将衍生风险的生产系统属性细化为风险控制描述指标。     

猫人工授精技术研究进展

人工授精技术是一种较先进的辅助生殖技术,可提高繁殖育种的效益,但因猫类较独特的生殖特点,其人工授精技术发展受限。近年来,科研人员和临床工作者借鉴其他物种相对成熟的人工授精技术,结合猫类生殖特点,对猫人工授精过程中精液采集、精液品质评估、精液保存、刺激母猫排卵方式及具体的人工输精等相关技术进行了优化和创新,如开发了新颖实用的尿导管法采精技术以采集猫精液;在传统精液品质评估的基础上,配合使用荧光染色技术、流式细胞技术及体外受精技术对猫精液品质进行评估;探索不同冷冻液配方及冷冻程序对猫精液保存效果的影响,并尝试使用超快速冷冻法保存公猫遗传物质;研究使用不同种类及不同剂量的激素对诱导母猫发情和排卵效果的差异,以及不同输精部位、方法及时机对母猫妊娠结果的影响等。尽管其中一些新技术与方法已在试验动物中彰显出了其实际应用潜力,但当下依旧还存在操作相对复杂、成本较高、效果低于预期等问题,导致目前猫人工授精技术的应用较局限,不如在犬或其他动物中应用广泛,未来还需更进一步研究和探索才能满足临床实际应用的需要。文章就上述猫人工授精技术中各个方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为该技术的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

海南农业可持续发展能力指标体系构建及其评价

根据一定的指标体系构建原则和指标选取方法,构建了海南农业可持续发展能力指标体系,并利用变异系数法确定指标权重,同时利用2000--2009年的数据对海南省农业可持续发展的能力进行了评价。结果表明,2000--2009年海南省农业系统总体发展良好,呈上升趋势,但农村社会子系统、农业资源子系统和农业环境子系统的可持续性不稳定,建议加大对弱势子系统的发展力度。     

Characterization of aerosols containing microcystin

Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in both freshwater and brackish water sources throughout the world. One class of cyanobacterial toxins, called microcystins, is cyclic peptides. In addition to ingestion and dermal, inhalation is a likely route of human exposure. A significant increase in reporting of minor symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms was associated with exposure to higher levels of cyanobacteria during recreational activities. Algae cells, bacteria, and waterborne toxins can be aerosolized by a bubble-bursting process with a wind-driven white-capped wave mechanism. The purposes of this study were to: evaluate sampling and analysis techniques for microcystin aerosol, produce aerosol droplets containing microcystin in the laboratory, and deploy the sampling instruments in field studies. A high-volume impactor and an IOM filter sampler were tried first in the laboratory to collect droplets containing microcystins. Samples were extracted and analyzed for microcystin using an ELISA method. The laboratory study showed that cyanotoxins in water could be transferred to air via a bubble-bursting process. The droplets containing microcystins showed a bimodal size distribution with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.4 and 27.8 mum. The sampling and analysis methods were successfully used in a pilot field study to measure microcystin aerosol in situ.     

亚湿润区沿河沙地可持续发展指标体系研究

在总结、概括国内外现有指标的基础上结合大兴县的区域特征,提出了由经济、社会、资源、环境指标所构成的区域可持续发展指标体系,并利用系统科学的原理构建了能力测度的综合评模型,对该区域的发展水平、能力以及趋势进行了测度和评价。     

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Switzerland

Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. Studies from Switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 2.6–21%, a range lower than in adjacent European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in Switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. Serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2006 and 2011 and from 303 wild boars from 2008 to 2012 were analysed by ELISA for the presence of HEV‐specific antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence was 58.1% in domestic pigs and 12.5% in wild boars. Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in 2006 than in 2011. In conclusion, HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland is comparable with the seroprevalence in other countries and not increasing. Therefore, prevalence of HEV in humans must be related to other factors than prevalence in pigs or wild boars.     

任务驱动教学法在中职教学中的应用探讨

任务驱动教学法改变了中等教育传统教学模式,使学生真正成为学习的主体,把学生学习的过程转化为探究问题、解决问题的过程,激发了学生的学习兴趣,培养了学生的自主意识、分析问题、解决问题的能力;使学生形成良好的职业意识、创新能力、组织能力和团队协作精神,为竞岗创业奠定了夯实的基础。