The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Ⅰ on the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） were cloned, such as the l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene （LeAC01）, 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene （LeAC03）, EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene （LeEBF1）, pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene （LePR1）, pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene （LePR5）, and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene （LeNP24） by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig （AC＋＋） and the LeAC01 co-suppression tomatoes （V1187 and T4B）, respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carded out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.     

早熟板栗新品种‘岱岳早丰’

 ‘岱岳早丰’是从泰山板栗实生后代群体中选育出的新品种。早熟,优质,丰产,耐瘠薄。坚果光亮整齐,中大粒,果肉细腻,糯性强。适宜在泰沂山区的山地、丘陵和胶东山地栽培。     

干旱胁迫对银杏衰老期叶片生理生化特性的影响

以银杏5 a生盆栽实生苗为材料,通过自然干旱处理,研究干旱对银杏衰老期叶片部分生理指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,处理组叶绿素含量下降;电导率和MDA含量上升;SOD和CAT的活力先上升后下降;脯氨酸逐渐积累,可溶性蛋白含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。说明随着干旱胁迫的加剧,引起了膜脂氧化加剧,加快了银杏叶片的衰老。     

早熟梨新品种-早金酥的选育

早金酥是以早酥为母本,金水酥为父本杂交育出的梨早熟新品种.果实呈纺锤形,平均单果质量240 g,最大质量600 g;果面绿黄色,果皮薄,肉质脆,果汁多,风味酸甜,石细胞少,品质极上.可溶性固形物含量10.8%,总糖含量8343 g·kg-1,可滴定酸含量2.527 g·L-1,维生素C含量33.72 mg·kg-1,硬...     

控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响

采用微区和小区试验的方法,研究了控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征及对根系衰老过程中膜脂过氧化产物和活性氧清除酶活性的影响。研究表明,施用控释氮肥,明显地增加杂交水稻生育后期的根干重、根长和根长密度,而根半径减小;提高根系活力和吸收面积,使杂交水稻生育后期根系中MDA含量降低和SOD、POD和CAT的活性提高。控释氮肥中,氮的逐渐释放,可减少具有强烈伤害的活性氧产物速率及其累积数量,提高活性氧清除酶的活性,在很大程度上延缓了杂交水稻生育后期根系的衰老和吸氮能力的衰退。     

氮素对菠菜衰老生理指标的影响

田间小区试验研究了氮素与菠菜衰老的关系。结果表明,菠菜生长前期,植株根系活力增强,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率及SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性升高,但生长后期均持续降低;而叶片电解质渗漏及丙二醛(MDA)含量在全生育期内则持续增加。在施氮量低于600.kg/hm2条件下,增施氮素可显著降低菠菜叶片的电解质渗透率及MDA含量,增强SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性及根系活力,提高叶绿素含量及光合速率,延缓菠菜衰老,进而提高菠菜产量。菠菜收获时,氮素用量600.kg/hm2处理的叶片电解质渗透率和MDA含量分别比对照(不施氮)降低50.9%、67.2%,SOD、POD和CAT活性及根系活力分别高59.2%、478.4%、290.9%和131.3%;叶绿素含量及光合速率分别高59.6%、131.3%,增产率达88.0%。施氮量达900.kg/hm2时则发生负效应,虽然产量比对照增产75.3%,但比600.kg/hm2施氮量减产6.7%。     

苹果果实成熟期间电特性的研究

为了了解果实成熟期间电特性的变化规律,该文以红富士苹果为对象,研究了测试信号的频率和电压对成熟期苹果电参数的影响,果实生长中电参数和生理生化参数的变化,并分析了电参数变化的原因。研究结果表明：频率对苹果电参数的影响规律与苹果成熟度无关,但电压对苹果电参数的影响规律与苹果成熟度有关。苹果成熟期间,其呼吸强度持续下降;果实成熟前期,相对介电常数和pH值逐渐下降,后期逐渐增大;而电阻率和可溶性固形物含量在前期逐渐增大,后期减小。这些参数的转折点皆出现在同一时间,说明电参数与苹果内部品质之间存在必然的联系,可以用电参数反映内部物质成分的变化。     

Growth responses and foliar sensitivities of native herbaceous species to ozone exposures

This paper reports on open-top chamber studies investigating the effects of different O₃ exposures on native herbaceous plant species. Plants were grown up from seeds, potted into natural soils and exposed to near-ambient O₃ levels during one growing season. A wide range of visible symptoms was apparent during the exposures. Species such as Rumex obtusifolius, Senecio vulgaris or Sonchus asper showed leaf colorations (e.g. reddish pigmentation) that probably indicate a non-specific stress response. In other species especially of the genera Malva and Cirsium the symptoms produced by O₃ appeared to be similar to those characteristic for O₃-specific foliar injury (stippling, flecking). In almost all species tested, O₃ caused premature leaf senescence, which was sometimes associated with premature leaf abscission. However, earlier senescence did not necessarily result in changes in plant growth. Of all species tested, Malva sylvestris was found to be the most sensitive in terms of growth reduction and lower seed production.     

水稻早衰突变体els-R7954的遗传分析和初步定位

为了深入研究水稻早衰机理,找到有效消除和延缓植株早衰的方法,本研究通过350Gy60Co-γ射线辐照水稻浙恢7954干种子,获得1份特异性水稻早衰突变体。观察该突变体生物学性状,发现苗期生长正常,分蘖末期叶片出现早衰现象,灌浆期整个植株枯黄,早衰现象非常明显,将其暂名为elsR7954(early leaf senescence)。遗传分析和基因定位发现,els-R7954受单隐性核基因控制,位于第2染色体SSR标记RM530和RM3774之间,距RM530约5.0c M。为进一步克隆该基因,丰富叶片早衰的分子机制奠定了一定基础,也为研究水稻早衰,最终提高产量和品质提供可能。