施肥对闽北三耕土杉木幼林光合特性的影响

研究结果表明 ,施肥不同程度提高了三耕土杉木幼树的光合能力 ,但只有当高的光合能力与较低呼吸相配合时 ,才能形成高光合系数 ,如 M(氮磷钾 + Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等多元微肥 )、NPK.另外 ,林冠下层的杉木枝条针叶 ,净光合强度上部 >中部 >下部 ,不同叶龄的净光合强度随着叶龄的增长呈指数式下降趋势     

基于MATLAB的空间7R机构位置分析的新方法

利用向量回转法和MATLAB软件对空间7R机构位置问题进行了分析研究，确定了各杆长和副长方向的单位向量，列出了机构的向量封闭方程，以及各杆位置方程；调用MATLAB矩阵运算函数和解非线性方程组函数，解出了其他各杆的位置与主动件输入角度的关系，以及任何一杆上任意点的空间轨迹，并利用绘图函数表达各杆的位置曲线及任意点的轨迹。实例分析证明所提出的方法是可靠的。     

江苏省不同稻麦连作区野燕麦群体的多样性分析

用动态聚类法比较分析江苏省不同稻麦连作区26个样点上的麦田不同野燕麦群体的株形特征,并用石蜡切片法解剖观察其颖果的结构。结果显示:江苏省稻麦连作区麦田野燕麦种群可划分为3个聚类群体,即白稃野燕麦群体、黄(褐)稃野燕麦群体和紫稃野燕麦群体。前两个群体的特征与陕西、新疆旱旱连作区麦田野燕麦群体的特征有许多相似之处,紫稃野燕麦群体是在水旱连作区新出现的适应性群体;3种群体的野燕麦穗部和颖花的性状特征及颖果的形态结构(果毛颜色、角质层与子实皮厚度、淀粉充实度和胚乳细胞内空隙大小)均不同;野燕麦群体对不同的土壤类型、土壤pH值及土壤水分含量具有不同的适应性特征。     

Influence of agricultural soils on the growth and reproduction of the bio-indicator Folsomia candida

Soil organisms have been recommended as bio-indicators of soil quality due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic influences and their high degree of site-specificity. The objectives of this study were to determine if the relationship between the soil Collembola, Folsomia candida, and forest soil could be extended to other soils and, if not, to determine the relationship between its life parameters and soils from the different phases of an agricultural rotation sequence. A comparison of growth, reproduction and survival of 1 day old neonates and 10 day old juveniles subjected to a series of different soils (composted manure, pasture soil, forest soil, sand alone, and sand supplemented with yeast) established that the association between F. candida and forest soil quality cannot be automatically transferred to soils from other ecosystems. The test also showed that neonate (1 d) individuals were more sensitive to the different soil treatments than 10 d old juveniles and should be used in future tests. On this basis, neonate F. candida individuals were used to determine if the species could be employed to characterize the agricultural soils from the different phases of an organic or conventional rotation sequence. Results demonstrated that changes in body growth and reproduction constituted suitable criteria to characterize the soil quality of these different phases. The research required to develop these results as a standard bio-indicator test of agricultural soil quality is discussed.     

Cover crop effects on nitrogen load in tile drainage from Walnut Creek Iowa using root zone water quality (RZWQ) model

Studies quantifying winter annual cover crop effects on water quality are mostly limited to short-term studies at the plot scale. Long-term studies scaling-up water quality effects of cover crops to the watershed scale provide more integrated spatial responses from the landscape. The objective of this research was to quantify N loads from artificial subsurface drainage (tile drains) in a subbasin of the Walnut Creek, Iowa (Story county) watershed using the hybrid RZWQ-DSSAT model for a maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize-maize-soybean rotations in all phases with and without a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop during a 25-year period from 1981 to 2005. Simulated cover crop dry matter (DM) and N uptake averaged 1854 and 36 kg ha⁻¹ in the spring in the maize-soybean phase of the 2-year rotation and 1895 and 36 kg ha⁻¹ in the soybean-maize phase during 1981-2005. In the 3-year rotation, cover crop DM and N uptake averaged 2047 and 44 kg ha⁻¹ in the maize-maize-soybean phase, 2039 and 43 kg ha⁻¹ in the soybean-maize-maize phase, and 1963 and 43 kg ha⁻¹ in the maize-soybean-maize phase during the same period. Annual N loads to tile drains averaged 29 kg ha⁻¹ in the maize-soybean phase and 25 kg ha⁻¹ in the soybean-maize phase compared to 21 and 20 kg ha⁻¹ in the same phases with a cover crop. In the 3-year rotation, annual N loads averaged 46, 43, and 45 kg ha⁻¹ in each phase of the rotation without a cover crop and 37, 35, and 35 kg ha⁻¹ with a cover crop. These results indicate using a winter annual cover crop can reduce annual N loads to tile drains 20-28% in the 2-year rotation and 19-22% in the 3-year rotation at the watershed subbasin scale over a 25-year period.     

新建本科院校图书馆岗位轮换的实践与探索

介绍了河池学院图书馆岗位轮换情况及取得的积极效果,对新建本科院校图书馆岗位轮换的原则和注意事项进行了探讨。     

洱海北部地区不同轮作农田氮、磷流失特性研究

为明确洱海北部地区不同轮作模式下农田氮、磷流失特性,客观评价环境污染风险。试验在洱海北部地区沿弥苴河和罗时江流域的7个乡镇进行。采用定点取样与实地调研相结合的方法进行多点重复监测,调查不同轮作模式、轮作周期内田面水和沟渠水的氮、磷含量变化情况,研究不同轮作模式下氮、磷污染的负荷及其影响因素。结果表明,田面水中,不同轮作模式下氮素的流失差异显著且以水溶态为主,可溶性氮浓度以大蒜水稻模式最高,油菜水稻模式最低,其它轮作模式居中分布;降雨径流氮流失量以大蒜水稻模式最高。磷素流失总量偏低,且以泥沙结合态为主,轮作模式间无显著差异。田面水质劣于沟渠水,田面水对沟渠水存在不同程度增荷作用;农田水对沟渠水总氮和总磷的增荷率分别为73%和82%,其中追肥是导致农田水对沟渠水增荷的关键因素。本研究中,大蒜水稻是洱海流域农田氮、磷流失风险最高的种植模式;蚕豆水稻比大蒜水稻模式减少氮素流失风险38%。应综合考虑环境效益和经济效益,合理安排种植结构,为洱海流域种植结构调整、控制农田面源污染提供参考。     

黄土高原旱地小麦与豆科绿肥轮作及施氮对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响

小麦与豆科绿肥轮作和合理施用氮肥对黄土高原旱地缺素地区具有特别重要意义.本试验以夏休闲为对照,比较了小麦与绿豆、大豆、秋豆轮作和氮肥水平(0、108、135、162kg/hm2)对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响.结果表明,小麦与豆科绿肥轮作,在黄土高原早地受水分限制影响,小麦产量降低9.7%～26.6%;同时,与休闲处理相较...     

穿流转笼式烘干机设计研究

为了解决某些易碎颗粒物料的烘干问题，设计了穿流转笼式烘干机。物料装在转笼内，随着转笼的转动，在重力和内摩擦力的作用下，连续缓慢地交换内外层物料的位置。热风穿过物料层，使物料均匀烘干。比较了敞口式、三段式和栅栏式出风口对风速分布的影响。通过试验表明，栅栏式出风口的轴向风速分布较均匀。并用开口核桃的烘干进行了生产试验，用风温125℃，风量8 511 m³/h，在2 h内将开口核桃的含水率从30%降低到3%，且干湿均匀，品质好，基本无破碎，可满足生产需要。