贵州省清镇市、德江县耕作土壤重金属污染评价分析

通过对贵州省清镇市、德江县耕作土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Hg含量进行测定分析,初步评价土壤重金属污染现状,结果表明:各样点土壤不同层次之间的重金属含量变化差异不大,但不同样点之间的重金属含量差异较大;共和点的重金属污染处于警戒状态,而辣子树、新店、泉口均受到不同程度的重金属污染。两县市耕地土壤重金属处于轻度污染状态,Cd和Hg是这两个区域耕地土壤的主要污染元素,因此,这两个区域还不适合发展无公害农产品。今后,应该重视加强污染区域的治理,消除重金属元素的污染隐患。     

稻鸭共作对水稻纹枯病抗性的影响

为探明稻鸭共作对水稻纹枯病抗性的作用机理,于2009年4—8月在浏阳市北胜镇进行了田间试验,在选取2种不同抗性的水稻品种(感病品种和中抗品种)的基础上设置了2个处理,分别为稻鸭共作区和对照区,并测定了水稻几丁质酶活性,同时对水稻纹枯病进行调查。结果表明:稻鸭共作处理所有水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性明显高于对照处理,且几丁质酶活性高低与其表现一致。     

稻鸭共生中鸭的放养密度及作用效果研究

在稻田中放养鸭子的密度为10只/667 m2、20只/667 m2和30只/667 m2,根据试验田的面积,将110只巢湖麻鸭随机分为4组,经58 d的稻鸭共生试验表明:稻鸭共生技术具有良好的稻田除虫、除草和防水稻病害效果。在稻田中放养鸭子20只/667 m2具有良好的鸭只生长情况和最高的水稻产量,为最佳放养密度。     

生态修复在景观水体治理中的应用

分析了城市景观水体的污染现状,提出其修复和治理的迫切性和必要性。总结了近年来景观水体生态修复的技术及其机理,重点介绍了人工浮床、生物操纵等技术在景观水体修复中的应用和发展。     

Synthetic fibre as biological support in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic fibre as a biological support for the adhesion of nitrifying bacteria in an aquaculture recirculation system (RAS). It was developed from three assays over 120 days. In the first assay, the synthetic fibres used as biological support were introduced in tanks of biological filtration of the system for posterior respirometry analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Respirometry and SEM were performed 10 days after inoculation with nitrifying microorganisms. Water quality parameters were monitored daily, and the respirometry showed that the bacteria in this assay were consuming the following amounts of ammonium: concentrations [C1]35.369 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9912; [C2]51.628 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9883; [C3]79.494 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.986; and [C4]215.225 mg NH₃L, R² = 0.9934. In the second assay, a 1920-L tank was stocked with 120 Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with an initial weight 32.11 ± 7.6 g and a biomass of 3.8 kg. After 60 days, the tank and its contents were assessed to evaluate zootechnical parameters and physical–chemical parameters of water quality. From these results, a third assay was developed in which the biomass of fish was increased to challenge the recirculation system. The tank was stocked with 480 jundiá Rhamdia quelen (initial weight 11.34 ± 2.4 g and biomass 5.4 kg) for 60 days. In both the tilapia and jundiá assays, the fish were fed four times per day with a commercial diet of 35% crude protein and 42% crude protein, respectively, at 5% of each individual fish’s body weight. At the end of the zootechnical assays, the synthetic fibres used showed efficient biological support for bacterial growth, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The fibres also demonstrated maintenance of the water quality, which allowed good fish growth in the recirculating aquaculture system, and the maintenance of up to 11.19 kg/m³ of biomass of fish.     

The effect of blanket bog drainage on habitat condition and on sheep grazing, evidence from a Welsh upland bog

There has been increasing interest in potential benefits to be gained by restoring damaged peatlands, with the majority of funding currently being driven by the recovery of protected habitats. However, few data are available linking vegetation community declines with peatland drainage, and so the potential for recovery remains difficult to predict. Surprisingly, there is a similar paucity of research demonstrating the extent of drainage impacts on grazing conditions for livestock, despite this being a priority amongst land managers. We attempt to address these two knowledge gaps, first by investigating whether ditches in blanket bog habitat have improved or increased grazing for sheep, and second by assessing the impact of ditches on the condition of vegetation communities. At an extensively drained upland blanket bog in Wales, currently undergoing ditch blocking restoration, we collected vegetation and sheep occurrence data across five catchments and over 2 years. We present evidence that drained areas had remained relatively wet and were less preferred by sheep. Furthermore, our results show that while sheep preferred graminoid-rich areas, drainage did not increase the abundance of this species group. Drainage at the site has, however, resulted in some degradation in blanket bog vegetation adjacent to ditches; although at the landscape scale, historic high grazing levels appear to explain much of the current poor ecological condition of the site. We conclude that drain-blocking restoration should not reduce sheep grazing conditions beyond their current relatively poor state, and thus in this respect may not represent a threat to hill farming productivity.     

Effectiveness of sloping agricultural land technology on soil fertility status of mid-hills in Nepal

Hedgerows with intercropping systems were established at the ICIMOD test and demonstration site at Godawari to assess the effective-ness of Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) in reducing run-o...     

退耕坡地系统生态综合评价中几个景观生态学问题

退耕坡地系统属于退化土地生态系统,大部分是毁林(草)开荒形成的,是人为加速了自然生态系统的逆行演替而形成的低产脆弱的生态系统。对退化生态系统进行综合整治与恢复,以及人工生态系统的重建的理论基础是生态演替和人为设计理论。退耕还林(草)是通过一定的社会物质和能量的投入定向加速景观生态系统的演替过程。评价退耕地的生态经济效益是退耕还林(草)工程的重要组成部分,重点评定项目是否实现预期目标、项目的产出、效果和影响。本文应用景观生态学的理论:景观尺度与等级理论、景观空间格局与异质性理论、景观演化与干扰理论探讨了退耕地生态评价的内容、方法和应注意的问题,从而为退耕还林(草)工程的顺利进行提供有力的保障。     

金沙江干热河谷生态问题与退耕还林技术模式的研究

通过对金沙江干热河谷生态环境和经营条件分析，提出适合金沙江流域不同海拔和立地条件的退耕还林的技术模式，论述了经济林模式、生态林模式、用材林模式和林草混交立体模式的适用立地条件、造林树种、经营技术及经济效益。     

提高农用潜水电泵修复可靠性的方法

对以QY系列为主体的农用潜水电泵修复可靠性低、寿命短的问题，提出了改进措施，从而有效提高潜水电泵修复可靠性，并延长使用寿命。