不同稻秸添加比例对紫花苜蓿和麦麸混合青贮的影响

为探讨不同稻秸添加比例对紫花苜蓿和麦麸混合青贮发酵品质的影响,以紫花苜蓿、麦麸及5个不同比例(0、5%、10%、15%和20%)的稻秸分别进行混合裹包青贮,30 d后测定混合青贮饲料的发酵品质、营养品质和有氧稳定性。结果表明:1)稻秸添加组与不添加的对照组pH、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和NH_3-N/TN有显著差异(P<0.05);随着稻秸添加量的增加,pH值、ADF、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和有氧稳定性递增,粗蛋白(CP)、WSC、相对饲料值(RFV)和V-Score值降低。2)根据V-Score评分可知,0和5%的稻秸添加组发酵品质为优,10%和15%稻秸添加组的发酵品质为良,20%稻秸添加组发酵品质中等。3)青贮30 d开包后,0和5%的稻秸添加组的有氧稳定性分别为64和72 h,10%、15%和20%稻秸添加组的有氧稳定性均大于168 h;有氧暴露4 d后,0、5%、10%和20%稻秸添加组pH值迅速变化,15%稻秸添加组变化相对较小。综上所述,优质混合青贮的推荐稻秸添加比例应小于5%。     

不同基因型水稻镉积累动态差异分析

探讨镉(Cd)在籽粒Cd积累量差异较大的2个常规籼型水稻品种‘黄华占’（Cd低积累）和IR68144（Cd高积累）各器官中的分布差异和积累动态,分析了在大田栽培条件下2个品种全生育期和生殖生长期各组织器官的Cd积累动态过程。结果表明：成熟期两品种植株的大部分Cd都集中于根系和茎部,IR68144各器官的Cd含量都高于‘黄华占’。在整个生育期中,‘黄华占’根和茎中的Cd含量都呈缓慢上升趋势,IR68144根系Cd含量先上升后下降,最后于灌浆后期快速上升,其茎部Cd含量则先下降后上升;两品种叶片Cd含量在抽穗前变化趋势表现一直,而在抽穗后却截然相反。抽穗后,‘黄华占’剑叶和穗轴Cd含量先持续上升,后于黄熟期有所下降,而IR68144的剑叶和穗轴都呈持续上升趋势,两品种的颖壳和糙米的Cd含量也都整体上升,且同品种的两器官表现趋于一致。籽粒发育过程中,两品种糙米Cd积累量都不断地提高,但它们超过一半的Cd由抽穗后的第21~28天积累完成。     

Dietary rice improves growth performance,mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen in weaning piglets

In this study, we evaluated the nutritional functions of rice for weaning piglets. Sixteen weaning piglets with an average initial weight of 7.2 kg were divided into two groups. One group was fed a corn‐soybean meal based diet, and the other was fed a rice‐soybean meal based diet, containing 50% corn and rice, respectively. A 2 weeks growth trial was conducted and growth performance, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen were measured. The average daily gain in rice‐fed piglets was significantly higher than that in corn‐fed piglets and the average daily feed intake tended to be higher in rice‐fed piglets than in corn‐fed piglets. Maltase and aminopeptidase activities (mol/g tissue) in the jejunum in rice‐fed piglets were significantly higher than those in corn‐fed piglets, although these enzyme activities were not different in the duodenum. Sucrase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities in the two groups were not different in either the duodenum or jejunum. Although the feed (nitrogen) intake was higher in rice‐fed piglets, the plasma urea nitrogen in rice‐fed piglets was significantly lower (P = 0.006) than that in corn‐fed piglets. These results indicate that rice is a good alternative feedstuff for the diet of weaning piglets.     

FAAS法测定原生态硒米中的微量元素铁和镍

[目的]测定黔东南苗族侗族自治州原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量。[方法]采用正交试验优化仪器最佳工作条件,湿法消解硒米样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定微量元素铁和镍。[结果]原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量分别为8.00和0.50 mg/kg。[结论]该研究方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低。     

籼稻恢复系桂R106对稻瘟病的抗性评价及遗传分析

通过与‘丽江新团黑谷’及13个已知抗性基因品种杂交和接种广西稻瘟病菌系鉴定,研究了籼稻恢复系‘桂R106’对稻瘟病的抗性及遗传。结果表明,‘桂R106’对广西565个稻瘟病菌系的抗谱达98.11%,对广西6个主要优势菌系表现全抗,对菌系03E-11和03E-23的抗性均受一对显性基因控制。等位性分析确认,‘桂R106’中抗菌系03E-11的抗病基因与Pi-ta、Pi-12(t)、Pi-3、Pi-5、Pi-7、Pi-a、Pi-at、Pi-sh、Pi-i、Pi-km、Pi-19(t)、Pi-ks、Pi-b这13个已知基因不等位,认为它可能是一个未知的新基因。     

不同药剂防治水稻稻飞虱效果评价

为了筛选防治稻飞虱的有效药剂,选用呋虫胺等7种农药单剂对水稻稻飞虱进行田间药效试验。结果表明,呋虫胺20%可湿性粉剂、噻虫嗪25%水分散粒剂、噻嗪酮40%悬浮剂对靶标具有较好的防治效果和速效性,药后15d,防效在87.7%以上。吡蚜酮25%可湿性粉剂药后7~15d防效理想,在90.9%以上。异丙威20%乳油和敌敌畏90%乳油对靶标速效性较好,但持效期较短。     

Potential gene flow from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility

BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F₁ hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F₁ plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

稻/草-鹅农牧结合模式的综合效益及种养技术初探

1997－1999年在江苏省常熟市构建稻／牧草－鹅复合系统，并进行田间试验，结果表明，稻／草－鹅农牧结合模式与传统的稻／麦生产模式相比，不但具有明显的社会效益，经济效益，而且能显著提高土壤肥力，有效控制冬季田间杂草，进而大幅度降低田间除草剂，杀虫剂施用量，保护农田生态环境，总结了该模式的种养式技术，并提出了该模式的发展策略。     

杂交水稻三系不育系选育的实践与探讨

回顾了杂交水稻三系不育系15年来的选育实践,总结了选育杂交水稻三系不育系的经验与体会:一是对理想不育系的模型进行了有益的构思;二是B×B遗传改良不育系效率高,但多个优良性状难以有效整合;三是新质源和新类型材料的挖掘与利用,既可改良米质,又可扩大亲缘关系,增强杂种优势;四是应在现有基础上,关键抓品质、产量与抗性三者协调的理想不育系选育。