Purification and analyses of the specificity of two putative diagnostic antigens for larval cyathostomin infection in horses

Cyathostomins are important equine gastrointestinal parasites. Mass emergence of mucosal stage larvae causes a potentially fatal colitis. Mucosal stages are undetectable non-invasively. An assay that would estimate mucosal larval stage infection would greatly assist in treatment, control and prognosis. Previously, we identified two putative diagnostic antigens (20 and 25 kDa) in somatic larval preparations. Here, we describe their purification and antigen-specific IgG(T) responses to them. Western blots confirmed the purity of the antigens and showed that epitopes in the 20 kDa complex were specific to larval cyathostomins. No cross-reactive antigens appeared to be present in Parascaris equorum or Strongyloides westeri species. Low levels of cross-reactivity were observed in Strongylus edentatus and Strongylus vulgaris species. Use of purified antigens greatly reduced background binding in equine sera. These results indicate that both antigen complexes may be of use in a diagnostic assay.     

PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2犬流感病毒复制能力和致病性的影响

H3N2犬流感病毒(canine influenza virus, CIV)已在中国多地的犬群中流行,是禽流感跨宿主感染并形成新分支的近期案例。研究表明,PA-X基因与甲型流感病毒适应新宿主的能力相关,且其长度能够影响甲型流感病毒的复制及致病能力。为了解PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2 CIV复制能力及致病力的影响,本研究利用H3N2 CIV的8质粒操作系统,拯救了三株重组H3N2 CIV毒株：PA-X基因表达大小为232个氨基酸多肽的亲本病毒CIV＿PA-X＿232;对PA编码区第191、192位氨基酸的密码子进行改造,PA-X基因不表达蛋白的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿Knock;对PA+1编码区第232位氨基酸进行突变,PA-X基因表达大小为252个氨基酸多肽的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿252。通过比较3株重组病毒的聚合酶活性,在MDCK细胞中的复制效率及对小鼠致病性的差异,来评价表达不同长度的PA-X基因对H3N2 CIV的影响。结果显示,CIV＿PA-X＿252和CIV＿PA-X＿Knock的聚合酶活性显著(P<0.05)高于CIV＿PA-X＿232,且CIV＿PA-X＿...     

茄子新品种‘哈茄V8’

 ‘哈茄V8’是由自交系‘12-1-3’为母本,自交系‘12-4-15’为父本杂交选育而成的黑长茄子新品种。果实长棒形,纵径28 cm,横径4.6 cm,平均单果质量160 ~ 180 g,平均产量54 771.7 kg · hm^-2,抗逆、抗病性好,适宜密植。适宜早春露地地膜和小拱棚栽培。     

大豆孢囊线虫果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5的克隆与分析

【目的】克隆和分析与大豆孢囊线虫寄生密切相关的果胶酸裂解酶新基因,为研究大豆孢囊线虫寄生和致病的分子机理提供依据,并为探讨大豆孢囊线虫的防控新途径提供理论基础。【方法】通过EST分析结合RACE-PCR扩增方法,从大豆孢囊线虫中克隆出1个果胶酸裂解酶新基因;通过原位杂交和半定量PCR的方法确定基因的表达部位和分析不同发育阶段的基因表达;采用Southern杂交方法分析基因的拷贝数。【结果】 从大豆孢囊线虫中克隆出1个全长为957个碱基编码227个氨基酸残基的新果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5（GenBank 登录号HQ123259）。Hg-pel-5 基因组由2个外显子和1个内含子组成。预测蛋白含有20个氨基酸残基的信号肽和4段细菌结构的果胶酸裂解酶第三家族的保守位点。原位杂交确定Hg-pel-5在大豆孢囊线虫亚腹食道腺中表达。半定量RT-PCR结果表明Hg-pel-5在寄生前和寄生过程早期的2龄幼虫大量表达。Southern杂交结果显示Hg-pel-5存在于大豆孢囊线虫基因组中并以多拷贝形式存在。【结论】对大豆孢囊线虫中1个新的果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5进行克隆和分析,表明该基因在大豆孢囊线虫早期寄生过程中发挥重要作用。     

以柑橘多胚性二倍体母本倍性杂交培育三倍体

2009-2012年,以柑橘8个多胚性二倍体品种为母本与近年始花的5个异源四倍体体细胞杂种和1个同源四倍体分别杂交,培育三倍体新种质。连续4年共配置15个杂交组合,授粉4 442朵花,坐果1 484个,平均坐果率33.4%;用于幼胚挽救的果实1 075个,共培养幼嫩种子12 578颗,经生芽、生根诱导获得再生植株2 832个;以流式细胞仪对所有再生植株倍性检测,15个组合共获得三倍体401个,四倍体121个;移栽成活三倍体349个,四倍体98个。对W. 默科特 × NH组合89个株系的三倍体的SSR分子鉴定表明,所有三倍体后代均为双亲的有性杂种。     

试论宁夏肉羊产业的发展方向

针对宁夏养羊业存在的主要问题，通过分析入世后宁夏养羊业面临的机遇与挑战，认为宁夏发展肉羊业必须实现四个转变，同时，提出了宁夏肉羊业的发展思路和对策。     

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.     

Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes from soil and potato tubers by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR

Colletotrichum coccodes is the causal agent of the potato blemish disease black dot. Two PCR primer sets were designed to sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions for use in a nested PCR. The genus-specific outer primers (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) were designed to regions common to Colletotrichum spp., and the species-specific nested primers (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) were designed to sequences unique to C . coccodes . The primer sets amplified single products of 447 bp (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) and 349 bp (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) with DNA extracted from 33 European and North American isolates of C. coccodes. The specificity of primers Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1 was confirmed by the absence of amplified product with DNA of other species representing the six phylogenetic groups of the genus Colletotrichum and 46 other eukaryotic and prokaryotic plant pathogenic species. A rapid procedure for the direct extraction of DNA from soil and potato tubers was used to verify the PCR assay for detecting C. coccodes in environmental samples. The limit of sensitivity of PCR for the specific detection of C. coccodes when inoculum was added to soils was 3·0 spores per g, or the equivalent of 0·06 microsclerotia per g soil, the lowest level of inoculum tested. Colletotrichum coccodes was also detected by PCR in naturally infested soil and from both potato peel and peel extract from infected and apparently healthy tubers. Specific primers and a TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed to perform quantitative real-time (TaqMan) PCR to obtain the same levels of sensitivity for detection of C. coccodes in soil and tubers during a first-round PCR as with conventional nested PCR and gel electrophoresis. This rapid and quantitative PCR diagnostic assay allows an accurate estimation of tuber and soil contamination by C. coccodes .     

麦类作物DNA原位杂交及其在远缘杂种染色体分析中的应用

 应用生物素标记的物种基因组DNA探针和克隆的专化性探针，对六倍体小黑麦双二倍体及其杂种和八倍体小麦簇毛麦双二倍体及其杂种进行了染色体DNA原位杂交。结果表明，应用这两种探针均可以准确地检测出小麦远缘杂种中的异源染色体和染色体片段。先后对二个六倍体小黑麦双二倍体（Badger、M#-2A）、一个八倍体小簇麦双二倍体、三个小黑麦易位系（宁麦8026、Amigo、Apollo）、一个小黑麦代换系（84056）和二个小簇麦附加系（94009-5-4、94009-5-9）进行原位杂交和异源染色体的检测，均获得较好的结果。此外，还讨论了应用生物素标记的探针进行原位杂交可能出现的一些技术问题。     

Production of a desirable Brassica oleracea CMS line using an alloplasmic B. rapa CMS line carrying Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm as a bridge plant

In Brassica oleracea, production of F₁ hybrid seeds mainly makes use of the improved Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. However, reliance on one particular line is a risk, and it would be advantageous to develop other CMS lines. In this study, we transferred Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm to B. oleracea cultivars using an alloplasmic B. rapaCMS line as a bridge plant to avoid incompatibility between donor and recipient plants. The new B. oleraceaCMS lines, which were derived by four generations of backcrossing, had small rudimentary anthers with no pollen grain and showed complete male sterility. There was no functional defect in other floral organs, and the ability to receive normal pollen did not appear to be impaired. Moreover, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm had larger leaf areas and a normal plastochron. As a consequence, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm have the potential to be valuable alternatives for use in commercial B. oleracea hybrid seed production.