阿魏酸对2种野生杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用

为探究化感物质阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用,本研究采用不同浓度阿魏酸分别处理马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子,利用单因素方差对其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和化感指数进行差异性分析.结果表明:阿魏酸显著抑制马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子的萌发,对2种杜鹃种子的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加.阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子均具有显著的化感作用,化感效应的最强浓度为1 000 μg/mL.     

生物非光滑耐磨表面仿生应用研究展望

指出生物非光滑耐磨表面现象的普遍性,对贝壳、牙齿等天然生物耐磨表面几何形态特征进行分析,介绍了生物非光滑耐磨技术在缸套、轧辊、耐磨涂层等方面应用研究的进展情况。同时,对仿生非光滑耐磨理论与技术研究中存在的问题及发展趋势进行分析与展望。     

弹性轴-轴承系统动力学行为研究

以弹性轴的多柔体动力学分析为基础,通过ADAMS与Matlab联合仿真,研究了弹性轴-轴承系统在径向正弦载荷作用下的动力学特性.研究表明,在所研究的频率范围内,弹性轴-轴承系统存在两阶自然频率.其一阶频率与轴承的动力学特性有关,而二阶频率则取决于弹性轴的动力学特性.在二阶频率的正弦载荷作用下,弹性轴-轴承系统的最大油膜压力远大于刚性轴-轴承系统,而其最小油膜厚度则远小于刚性轴-轴承系统.     

Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应

摘 要：采用5℃低温处理,研究Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:随着低温胁迫时间的延长,烟草幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈增加趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降。 Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草的MDA含量明显低于对照植株,而抗氧化酶活性明显高于对照植株。Atfad8基因的导入提高了烟草幼苗的耐冷害能力。     

天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵条件的响应面优化研究

对天冬氨酸激酶工程菌的生长情况及发酵的最佳条件进行了系统研究,探讨了发酵温度、发酵液pH值、摇床转速、接种量等因素对发酵的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用中心组合试验和响应面分析法确定了天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵的最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃,发酵液pH值7.5,摇床转速180 r/min,接种量2%。天冬氨酸激酶活性达到最大值201 U/mL。     

鸭血中SOD的提取及稳定性研究

为充分利用鸭血资源,以新鲜鸭血为原料,利用响应面分析法对鸭血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的提取工艺进行优化,并初步研究了SOD在不同条件下的稳定性。结果表明,乙醇与氯仿的体积比4∶5,溶血球与沉淀剂的体积比1∶1,静置时间25.5 min,SOD比活为1 000.91 U/mg;在pH值4.0～6.0,50℃温度以下SOD具有良好的稳定性。     

富贵竹切口保鲜及贮运研究

通过大量实验筛选出适合富贵竹切口的保鲜液,冬季宜采用配方12,夏季宜采用配方5进行处理。处理液B对防治脚部黄化及促根效果极显著。加工后的富贵竹成品货柜运输的最佳温度为15￣16℃,配合含1.0mg/L6-BA 1‰托布津的保水剂包根处理,可极显著降低贮运中的损失率。研究成果在生产中成功应用。     

猪中性粒细胞中抗菌肽的提取及体外抗菌活性研究

抗菌肽是生物体内诱导表达具有广谱抗菌活性的小分子多肽。这些多肽是生物体非专一性的免疫应答产物,是生物体内免疫系统的重要成分。目前国内关于猪源抗菌肽的研究,主要针对于猪的小肠中的抗菌肽,而猪血中抗菌肽的提取及抗菌活性研究在国外虽已有少量报道,在国内却未见报道。由于猪血液中白细胞是免疫系统中起主要作用的免疫细胞,而其中性粒细胞约占白细胞总量的70%,从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取抗菌肽也就比较合理。因此本实验采用从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取小分子多肽,根据小分子多肽抗菌活性特点进而分离鉴定出抗菌多肽。同时,通过优化提取工艺,提高抗菌肽的得率和含量。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

基于云平台和BFAST算法的地表变化检测方法

准确识别地表变化的时空信息,有助于探究地表自然环境和生态系统发展演变的规律,支撑相关的科研与行政管理工作。本文以河南某生态保护修复工程部分实施范围为研究区域,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台,以2013—2020年的98景Landsat8/OLI遥感影像作为数据源,应用Breaks for additive season and trend(BFAST)算法对地表变化进行了信息提取和制图。首先基于GEE云平台对Landsat8/OLI地表反射率数据集进行调用和预处理,基于CFMask算法对遥感数据集进行云影掩膜,开展光谱指数(植被指数NDVI)的计算以及时间序列数据集的构建。其次基于时序数据集与BFAST算法构建由趋势项、季节项和残差项组成的广义线性回归模型,通过最小二乘法求解模型中的未知参数集,以此进一步构建时序拟合模型,而后基于残差的Moving sums(MOSUM)方法对时序结构变化进行检测。最后从检测结果中抽取像元样点,通过与Google Earth高分辨率影像数据叠置和目视解译,开展结果验证和精度评价。结果表明,本文提出的方法在研究区的时序地表变化...