弧形筛对水体中固体颗粒物的去除效果研究

以弧形筛为研究对象,分析不同筛缝规格、安装角度以及水处理量条件下对固体颗粒物的去除效果,以获得最优化的结构设计参数。将固体颗粒物去除率作为试验指标,设计了0.10~0.25 mm的筛缝间隙、10~20 m3/h 的进水流量及53°和37°的筛网安装角度的多因素试验。结果显示,随着筛缝间隙的增大,固体颗粒物去除率呈逐渐下降趋势,但筛缝间隙与颗粒物粒径具有明显的“匹配性”特征,筛缝间隙应以等于或略小于水体中平均固体颗粒物粒径为宜;进水流量与固体颗粒物去除率呈反相关关系,单位面积筛面的水处理负荷宜控制在50 m3/(m2?h)左右;在合理的筛网安装角度范围内,适当增大安装倾角有利于提高固体颗粒物去除率。总之,将弧形筛装置应用在水产养殖系统中,是一种行之有效的方法。     

玉米幼苗对风速变化的逆境生理响应

为了解玉米幼苗对不同强度风吹危害的逆境生理响应特征,2013年在内蒙古东部科尔沁沙地研究了0（CK）、9、15 m·s^-1和18 m·s^-1净风吹袭20 min下玉米幼苗丙二醛含量（MDA）、膜透性、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明：随着风吹强度增加,玉米的株高、茎粗生长量和地上生物量下降,其中18 m·s^-1处理的株高和茎粗生长量及地上生物量分别较CK下降4.48%、11.28%和13.23%;风吹胁迫下玉米幼苗丙二醛含量与CK没有显著差异,但各处理膜透性均显著高于CK,其中15 m·s^-1和18 m·s^-1处理膜透性分别较CK增加84.36%和116.62%;随着风吹强度增强,SOD、POD和CAT活性均趋于增加,其中18 m·s^-1处理分别较CK增加37.45%、94.65%和82.14%;随着风吹强度增强,可溶性糖含量明显增加,脯氨酸含量趋于下降,和CK相比,18 m·s^-1处理的可溶性糖含量增加31.48%,脯氨酸含量下降40.26%。结果表明,20 min风吹处理已对玉米生长产生抑制作用,虽未导致玉米幼苗明显的膜脂过氧化,却使其细胞膜受损,SOD、POD和CAT在防止其膜脂过氧化过氧化过程中共同发挥了保护细胞膜的作用,可溶性糖起到了渗透调节作用。     

城市生活污水中富油微藻的筛选

为筛选在城市生活污水中生长快、产油高的微藻,从污水样品中分离出40株微藻,采用高通量方法（96孔板培养、尼罗红染色）从中筛选出一株优良藻株,经18S rRNA基因序列分析及形态学鉴定属于小球藻属（Chlorella）。污水培养7 d后,其油脂含量达31.21%,污水的TN、NH+4-N、TP和COD去除率分别为71.6%、98.2%、99.4%和78.8%。该藻株在污水处理与微藻生物能源生产耦合系统中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Vitreosity,its stability and relationship to protein content in durum wheat

High quality requirements are set on durum wheat (Triticum durum) from semolina mills and pasta producers. For the production of semolina and pasta with good cooking quality, high grain protein content and vitreosity is required. The dependency of vitreosity on protein content as well as its stability under the influence of humidity was not well investigated up to now. We (1) compared two methods to determine vitreosity, (2) investigated the relationship between vitreosity and protein content, (3) developed a method to analyze vitreosity under humidity, and (4) examined the relationship between protein content and agronomical as well as quality traits in durum wheat. The results showed that the formation of vitreous kernels greatly depends on the protein content. To evaluate the stability of vitreosity under the influence of humidity a new method was elaborated and employed to assess the durum germplasm under study. This revealed that vitreosity of a durum wheat variety depends on the potential to form vitreous kernels but also to maintain this vitreosity under the influence of humidity. Our results further show that protein content is a central trait in durum wheat that strongly influences important traits like grain yield, vitreosity, and b-value.     

Histopathological Changes in Third-Instar and Adult Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) After in vitro Heat Treatment

The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful pests of mango causing direct damage by oviposition on the fruit pulp. Mango for export is subjected to hydrothermal treatment as a quarantine method for the control of this pest, but exposure to heat for long periods of time reduces considerably the quality and shelf-life of treated fruit. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes of third-instar larvae and adults of A. ludens after in vitro exposure to high temperature at sublethal times. A heating block system was used to expose larvae at 46.1°C for 19.6 and 12.9 min, producing 94.6 and 70% mortality, respectively. Treated larvae were processed for optical microscopy. A fraction of surviving treated larvae was separated into containers with artificial diet to allow development into adults. Adult sexual organs were dissected and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results showed that 94.6% of the treated larvae died at 46.1°C for 19.6 min and none of the surviving larvae eclosed to adulthood, as they developed as malformed puparia. For the in vitro treatment at 46.1°C during 12.9 min, 70% of the treated larvae died and only 3.75% reached the adult stage, but ultrastructural damage in the male testes and in the female ovaries was observed. Additionally, 11.1% of the adult flies from the in vitro treatment also showed wing malformation and were incapable of flying. The analysis showed that surviving flies were unable to reproduce.     

Ovulation induction in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen,Heptapteridae) using carp pituitary extract or salmon GnRH analogue combined with dopamine receptor antagonists

Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) is an important species for aquaculture in temperate and subtropical climates. In the present study, the results of different forms of GnRH analogue treatments on ovulation in jundiá have been compared with those from treatment with carp pituitary. Seven out of eight females ovulated in groups treated with carp pituitary (4.0 mg kg^?1 BW) and Ovaprim (0.5 mL kg^?1 BW). Injection with sGnRHa (10 μg kg^?1 BW) combined with metoclopramide (20 mg kg^?1 BW) caused a significantly lower rate of ovulation with three out of eight females responding. None of the fish injected with sGnRHa (10 μg kg^?1 BW) alone ovulated. Mean PGSI [(weight of stripped egg mass/BW of the female before stripping) × 100] and mean fertilization rate values were high and similar between treatment groups. The obtained results indicate that in jundiá, there is a strong dopamine inhibitory tone on gonadotropin secretion. The gonadotropin releasing activity of sGnRHa can be potentiated by dopamine receptor antagonists and the combined treatment is effective in inducing ovulation. In this regard, domperidone proved to be more potent than metoclopramide.     

不同处理对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

研究不同酸碱性溶液浸泡、不同光照变化、不同低温冷冻、不同温度水浴和不同时间超声波处理对‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子萌发的影响。采用双层滤纸培养法对处理后的种子进行培养,观察记录种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数,并对数据进行统计分析。实验显示,pH 9碱性溶液浸泡、持续黑暗处理、 48 h冷冻处理、30℃水浴处理和20 min超声波处理均可以提高‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子发芽率;其中以48 h冷冻处理的‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子发芽率最高,达到89.33%。总结出‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子萌发的最适处理方法,对生产实践中有效促进其种子萌发及人工栽培具有重要的指导意义。     

矮紫金牛扦插技术初探

在冬季和春季取矮紫金牛枝条的不同部位作插穗,进行留叶量及生根粉的不同处理方式对插穗生根影响的试验。试验结果表明,矮紫金牛在春季取枝条的基部和中部作插穗,并且把叶片全部摘去,然后把插穗基部先用生根粉水剂浸0.5 h,再浆上含有生根粉的泥浆进行扦插,插穗的生根较快、生根数较多以及成活率较高。     

1例藏香猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病与附红细胞体病混合感染的诊治

为对送检的发病藏香猪病死因进行确诊,本试验采用常规PCR、RT-PCR及荧光定量PCR方法,并结合流行病学调查、临床诊断及病理剖检等实验室检测对送检病料进行诊断,结果显示病死猪心脏、肺脏充血出血,肺脏肉变,气管内充满白色泡沫,全身淋巴结出血;荧光定量PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒呈阳性,PCR方法检出猪伪狂犬病病毒特异性条带,未见猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪肺炎支原体条带,RT-PCR方法未扩增出猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒特异性条带;血液涂片染色镜检可见猪附红细胞体。结果表明病死猪为猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病与猪附红细胞体病混合感染,采用经实验室诊断给出的综合防治方案治疗后,疫情得到控制。本次病例的诊治为养猪业可能发生的猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病、猪附红细胞体病的混合感染提供了有效的防治方法和借鉴经验。     

5种种衣剂防治小麦主要土传病害研究

研究了5种种衣剂对小麦土传病害纹枯病、全蚀病和根腐病的防治效果。结果表明,230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂综合防治效果优于其他药剂处理,对小麦纹枯病的防治效果为73.51%～95.05%,对小麦全蚀病的防治效果为73.01%～87.41%,对小麦根腐病的防治效果为65.51%～92. 09%。按药效其次依次是60g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂、30g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂、25g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、15%多·福悬浮种衣剂。随着小麦的生长,各处理的防效逐渐降低,但直到枯白穗期还有一定防治效果。同时230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂对小麦增产作用明显。