柑橘及土壤中高效氯氟氰菊酯残留分析方法研究

【目的】建立快速、实用的测定柑橘及土壤中高效氯氟氰菊酯残留的方法。【方法】样品经甲醇提取、弗罗里硅土柱净化、浓缩、定容后,用带μ-ECD检测器的气相色谱仪进行测定。【结果】高效氯氟氰菊酯在0.005~1.000 μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r＝0.9996。该方法对高效氯氟氰菊酯标样的最小检出限为1.0×10-12 g,对橘皮、橘肉和土壤的最低检出浓度均为0.001 mg/kg,样品平均回收率为90.96%~104.21%,相对标准偏差为2.73%~10.45%。【结论】建立的GC-μECD检测方法具有分离效果好、回收率高、经济快速、准确度和灵敏度高的特点,适用于柑橘及土壤中高效氯氟氰菊酯的残留检测。     

商品肉鸡羽毛中盐酸克伦特罗残留规律研究

将100只肉食鸡随机分为两组,采用添加1 mg/kg和3 mg/kg两种不同浓度的盐酸克伦特罗的饲料饲喂29日龄肉鸡,分别采集不同时期的羽毛,用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC/MS）进行测定,研究盐酸克伦特罗在肉鸡羽毛中残留消除规律。结果表明：盐酸克伦特罗容易在羽毛中残留,且代谢比较缓慢,在肉鸡出栏时也不会完全代谢消除掉,羽毛取样方便,可以通过测定羽毛中盐酸克伦特罗的含量,检验活体肉鸡是否饲喂过该违禁药物,随时监督肉鸡的质量安全。     

Carbon Accumulation and Fossil Fuel Substitution During Different Rotation Scenarios

Accumulation of carbon (C) in biomass and soil, and using forest residues for bioenergy are examples of forestry’s contribution to reducing the enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this report was to study the effect of rotation length on carbon accumulation in biomass and soil, and on the amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel during 2000–2100. Two models, based on inventory data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, were used to simulate the effects of a changed rotation length in the region of Dalarna (1.8 × 10⁶ ha), in central Sweden. During the studied period, the accumulation of carbon in biomass was 32 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the prolonged rotation period and 105 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller for the shortened rotation period compared with the base scenario. The build-up of carbon in forest soil was 23 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the prolonged rotation than for the base scenario, whereas the shortened rotation was 24 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller than the base scenario. The potential to substitute fossil fuel was 37 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the shortened rotation and 17 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller for the prolonged rotation compared with the base scenario. The annual accumulation of carbon in biomass decreased in all scenarios, which resulted in a prolonged rotation scenario possibly being a poor long-term solution (> 100 yrs). The amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel increased in all scenarios during the studied period.     

Energy wood resources availability and delivery cost in Northwest Russia

Availability of solid by-products from wood harvesting and mechanical wood processing was estimated as sources for energy production based on recent actual harvesting, sawmill, and plywood production in Northwest Russia at 30 million m³. Nearly 70% of the energy wood, 20 million m³, was from harvesting, consisting of non-industrial round wood, unused branches and tops, defective wood resulting from logging, and spruce stumps removed after final felling. Over 30%, 10 million m³, of the available volume was from sawmills and plywood mills, i.e. wood chips, sawdust, and bark. Due to current low utilization of energy wood for bioenergy in Northwest Russia, delivery cost of energy wood to the potential border-crossing points in Finland was analyzed for three means of transport: railways, roadways, and waterways. Nearly 28 million m³ of the energy wood could be transported by railways and 2 million m³ by roadways and waterways. The costs were lowest by roadways from the nearby border areas (10–15 €/m³ for wood processing by-products and 16–22 €/m³ for forest chips). The costs by railways varied from 12 to 27 €/m³ on shorter distances to 47–58 €/m³ on longer distances. Waterway transportation was the most expensive, about 28–48 €/m³. It should be emphasized that we have estimated availability and delivery costs of energy wood, not prices which are defined by the market based on supply and demand.     

牛奶中抗生素残留检测研究进展

抗生素越来越多地被应用于畜牧业中。其在乳制品中的残留问题备受关注。从牛奶中残留抗生素的来源、危害以及检测方法等方面进行总结,并对我国牛奶中抗生素检测的发展前景进行了展望。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱分离同时测定饲料中30种有机磷农药残留

文中建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱法同时测定饲料中敌敌畏、乐果等30种有机磷农药残留的方法。饲料样品用乙腈体系提取,采用凝胶色谱柱净化,毛细管色谱柱分离(DB-50+,30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),火焰光度检测器(FPD)检测,外标法定量。其方法检测限为5.6~54μg/kg,三水平添加回收率为71.3%~114.1%,RSD为0.3%~14.8%。方法简便、准确,并能满足饲料中多种有机磷农残测定的需要。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物性食品中辛硫磷残留量的研究

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪、牛、羊、鸡的肝脏和肌肉组织中辛硫磷残留量的检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液通过C18固相萃取柱净化,经超高效液相色谱串联质谱,外标法定量。结果表明:辛硫磷基质匹配标准溶液在0.01～1.00μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,R2均大于0.999,方法检出限为5μg/kg,最低定量限为10μg/kg。肝脏和肌肉组织在10、20、50μg/kg添加水平上,辛硫磷的添加回收率为92.9%～102%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于10%。该残留检测方法具有简便、灵敏、定性定量准确、可靠等优点,能够满足动物性食品中辛硫磷残留的定性定量检测要求。     

土壤和番茄中氯虫苯甲酰胺的残留检测与消解动态研究

研究和建立了氯虫苯甲酰胺在土壤和番茄中的液相色谱检测方法,并采用田间试验方法研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺在土壤和番茄中的残留消解动态规律。结果表明,采用甲醇溶液浸泡提取,减压浓缩后用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用二氯甲烷定容,液相色谱仪带二极管阵列检测器（DAD）测定,外标法定量。在0.05～0.5mg·kg-1添加水平范围内,土壤和番茄中氯虫苯甲酰胺的添加平均回收率为91.43%～100.91%,变异系数为3.53%～9.71%;土壤和番茄中氯虫苯甲酰胺的最小检出量均为1.0×10-7g,最低检出质量分数为0.005mg·kg-1。田间残留试验表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺在土壤和番茄中残留消解动态规律符合方程Ct=C0e-kt;150g·L-1高效氯氟氰菊酯·氯虫苯甲酰胺微囊悬浮-悬浮剂在土壤和番茄中的消解半衰期分别为6.55～11.49d和3.82～10.70d。最终残留试验研究表明,在番茄上手动喷雾施药150g·L-1高效氯氟氰菊酯·氯虫苯甲酰胺微囊悬浮-悬浮剂,按推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量施药,兑水喷雾处理2～3次,施药间隔为7d,最后一次施药距采收间隔7d时,氯虫苯甲酰胺在番茄中最高残留量均小于0.3mg·kg-1。参照欧盟等规定的氯虫苯甲酰胺在番茄中最大残留限量标准,按照推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量施药2～3次,距最后一次施药7d时,氯虫苯甲酰胺在番茄上残留是安全的。     

高效液相色谱法检测动物脂肪组织中辛硫磷残留量的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法检测动物脂肪组织中辛硫磷残留量的方法.均质后的动物脂肪组织在微波液化后,经乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩后净化,残余物用80％乙腈-水溶解,供高效液相色谱定量(紫外检测器)检测.该方法在浓度0.05 ～2 μg/mL之间呈线性相关,相关系数(R2)为0.9999;在空白脂肪组织样品中添加20(定量限)、200、400、800 μg/kg的辛硫磷,回收率为80％～110％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10％.该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,适合动物组织中辛硫磷残留量的测定.