茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉风味的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肌肉风味的影响.1080只25日龄青脚麻鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每重复36只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮基础上添加5％的菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加1％、3％、5％的茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验期为28 d.结果 ...     

菌渣添加量对污染土壤Pb、Zn形态和水稻产量的影响

通过测定3种菌渣添加量对水稻3个生育期土壤Pb、Zn形态的变化、水稻籽粒Pb、Zn含量及水稻产量的影响,以期得出菌渣的适宜添加量,为重金属污染土壤的修复应用和作物安全生产提供理论依据。结果表明:三种菌渣处理可以降低土壤交换态Pb、Zn含量,且随着生育期逐步减少,提高土壤碳酸盐结合态Pb、Zn含量,以15%菌渣处理的效果最好,其次是10%菌渣处理,再次是5%菌渣处理;三种菌渣添加量可以显著提高水稻的千粒重和产量,但是不随菌渣添加量的增加而提高千粒重和产量,添加10%菌渣处理的千粒重和产量均达最高,其次是15%的菌渣处理;三种菌渣添加量对降低水稻籽粒Pb、Zn含量效果明显,15%菌渣处理的效果最好,10%菌渣处理次之。     

露地小白菜及土壤中博落回杀菌剂残留量的研究

本文采用田间实验方法,研究了植物源农药博落回杀菌剂在露地不结球白菜(俗称小白菜,Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Grou)及土壤中的残留量变化,为其在无公害农产品的生产方面提供参考。结果显示:分别以浓度750 g/hm2、1 500 g/hm2的博落回杀菌剂处理露地小白菜,其在露地小白菜中的残留降解动态变化表现为前5 d降解较快,15 d以后基本无残留;而在土壤中的残留降解动态变化则表现为前7 d降解缓慢,7 d后降解速度则大大加快,32 d以后基本无残留;其农药残留半衰期分别为1.83 d和8.37 d,且最后残留量都低于我国对植物源农药的残留最大允许限量0.500 0 mg/kg。因此,博落回在露地小白菜及土壤中属易降解、低残留、安全性较高的植物源农药,适合在农业生产方面推广使用。     

豆渣膳食纤维脱色工艺优化及其物化特性

为获得豆渣膳食纤维脱色的最适工艺参数,以pH、H₂O₂体积分数、温度、时间为试验因子,以膳食纤维的白度值为响应值,采用Box Behnken试验设计进行试验,并对产品的微观结构和物化特性进行分析。结果表明,4个因素对豆渣膳食纤维白度值的影响为H₂O₂体积分数＞pH＞时间＞温度。豆渣膳食纤维的最适脱色条件为pH 10.4、H₂O₂体积分数5.5 %、温度50 ℃、时间5.7 h。在此条件下,豆渣膳食纤维白度的预测值为91.99,验证试验所得膳食纤维的白度值为92.16。回归方程的预测值和试验值差异不显著,所得回归模型拟合情况良好。电镜观察结果表明,膳食纤维脱色后,其颗粒变小,表面出现蜂窝状结构。脱色后膳食纤维的持水力由8.15 g/g增加到9.37 g/g,膨胀力由7.53 mL/g增加到8.28 mL/g,物化特性得到显著改善。     

麦草全量机械还田对机插水稻产量和生长特性的影响

旨在探讨麦秸全量机械还田对机插水稻产量和生长特性的影响。以中熟华粳2号为试验材料,设小麦秸秆还田与秸秆不还田两个处理,进行机械插秧,对水稻的产量形成和生长特性进行分析。结果表明：秸秆还田处理后穗数降低,每穗穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均高于秸秆不还田处理,产量显著提高;各生育时期的茎蘖数明显降低;干物质积累、叶面积指数、根冠比和光合速率在抽穗前低于秸秆不还田处理,抽穗后则相反。可见,秸秆还田对机插水稻具有增产效应。     

不同品种及成熟度橄榄油中角鲨烯的检测分析

以云南引种的13个不同品种及8个不同成熟度的油橄榄果为原料,通过索氏抽提法提取其粗脂肪,再以气-质联用法定性定量分析该粗脂肪中角鲨烯的含量差异.结果表明,13个不同品种橄榄油中,城固32角鲨烯含量最高,莱星含量最低;不同成熟度的3个品种(城固32、佛奥和阿斯),橄榄油随成熟度提高,角鲨烯含量越高.     

无机基质配比及沼渣施肥水平对无土栽培苗 用型大白菜生长的影响

将预先调整氮、磷、钾含量后的沼渣作为肥料应用于珍珠岩与蛭石混合基质栽培苗用型大白菜,
研究2 种无机基质配比及3 个沼渣施肥水平对苗用型大白菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：基质配
比对苗用型大白菜生长有显著影响,沼渣施肥水平次之;在相同施肥水平下,珍珠岩与蛭石为1V∶2V 的
基质处理的苗用型大白菜各形态指标、VC 和可溶性糖含量、单株干鲜质量及产量均高于2V∶1V 的基质
处理;在相同基质配比条件下,随着沼渣施肥量的增加,各处理苗用型大白菜的株高、最大真叶长、最
大真叶宽、真叶数、单株干鲜质量、产量及硝酸盐含量逐渐增加,但36.6 g 单株施肥量处理与44.0 g 单
株施肥量处理间除最大真叶宽、硝酸盐含量外无显著差异。综合结果表明：采用珍珠岩∶蛭石为1V∶2V
的混合无机基质、单株沼渣施肥量36.6 g 的栽培效果较好,苗用型大白菜植株生长健壮,产量高,品
质好。     

9种蔬菜基质中14种有机磷农药残留基质效应比较

选择9种蔬菜基质对14种有机磷农药在气相色谱-FPD上的基质效应进行了初步研究。比较了9种蔬菜基质对14种农药在0.05、0.1、0.2mg.L-13个质量浓度水平下的基质效应,通过比较,发现这9种蔬菜对14种农药均存在不同程度的基质增强效应或者基质减弱效应,基质效应的强弱和农药的浓度之间没有很强的关联,与蔬菜的种类和农药的结构、极性的强弱有关。     

Simple Formulation of the Soil Water Effect on Residue Decomposition

Soil water content, θ, is a major factor affecting residue decomposition, but simple formulation of this factor is often lacking. We observed that θ significantly (P < 0.001) affected the residue decomposition constant, k _d. When θ varied from 0.09 g g^?1 to 0.23 g g^?1, k _d ranged from 0.009 to 0.013 d^?1 and from 0.009 to 0.022 d^?1 for residues with carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) > 30 and C/N < 25, respectively. A θ factor was formulated in terms of the field capacity θ _FC and the air‐dry θ _d in the form f _w = (θ ? θ _d) / (θ _FC ? θ _d), and this was used to modify the potential k _d as θ varied. Coupling f _w with a first‐order residue decomposition equation resulted in the prediction of the decomposition of four residue types in the greenhouse (R² = 0.94; relative root mean square error, RRMSE, = 0.06) and in the field (R² = 0.93; RRMSE = 0.11).     

Macronutrients in Marandu Palisade Grass as Influenced by Lime,Slag, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Soil acidity is one of the main limiting factors for the growth of pasture grasses in Brazilian soils. In addition to lime, slag can be used to correct soil acidity and help plants to absorb nutrients in adequate amounts. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the effects of slag and lime plus nitrogen (N) on marandu palisade grass plants' nutritional status as well as the absorption of macronutrients submitted to two cuts. The treatments consisted of two corrective materials (slag and lime), three corrective material rates (0.81, 1.61, and 3.22 g dm^?3 of ECaCO₃), three N rates (75, 150, and 300 mg dm^?3) plus a control treatment, with four replications. Macronutrient contents in the forage plants were found to be present in adequate levels. The mean value of N accumulated in the shoot was 40.1 mg per plant, phosphorus (P) was 4.6 mg per plant, potassium (K) was 38.6 mg per plant, calcium (Ca) was 7.3 mg per plant, magnesium (Mg) was 6.7 mg per plant, and sulfur (S) was 3.5 mg per plant at the first cut. At the second cut, the nutrient accumulations values were N 50.8 mg per plant, P 6.3 mg per plant, K 20.7 mg per plant, Ca 21.6 mg per plant, Mg 24.0 mg per plant, and S 4.7 mg per plant. Macronutrients accumulation in the shoot of grass increased with the addition of both the correctives as well as the N rates.