Penile and preputial tumours in the horse: literature review and proposal of a standardised approach

Penile and preputial tumours are not uncommon in the horse, but can cause discomfort and lead to serious complications. Several types of tumour of the male external genitalia have been described. The most common type is the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is found mainly in older horses. Reports of a breed predilection for penile tumour formation are equivocal, but castration, coat colour, poor hygiene and various infectious agents have all been suggested to predispose to the development of some types of tumour (e.g. SCC, papilloma and melanoma). Careful assessment of the primary tumour is an important first step in the design of an optimal treatment protocol. Invasiveness, differentiation grade, tumour size and presence of metastases are all relevant to the decision to pursue additional diagnostic procedures or specific treatment options. To date, no standard protocol has been reported for the approach to penile tumours in the horse and treatments range from minimally invasive therapies (e.g. topical use of 5-fluorouracil) to radical surgical interventions (e.g. en bloc penile and preputial resection with penile retroversion). Completeness of removal of the neoplasm and therefore risk of recurrence is highly dependent on the type of therapy chosen. However, the size and histopathological features of the primary tumour are also important factors with respect to the likelihood of recurrence. This review describes the most common penile and preputial neoplasms in the horse, and outlines a standard protocol aimed at arriving at a specific diagnosis and tailoring the therapeutic approach accordingly.     

我国猪囊虫病的研究概况

囊虫病是一种危害严重的人兽共患病，在我国的发生率较高。近年来，我国学者在该病的流行病学、诊断方法、防制措施以及免疫预防等方面都进行了深入研究，本文就该病的研究进展进行了综述。     

绍兴鸭的研究现状

绍兴鸭是我国蛋用型鸭的高产品种。本文综述了绍兴鸭的选育、生长发育规律、生理生化特性、营养代谢、内分泌特点及产蛋性能。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌I型菌毛的研究进展

鸣致病性大肠杆菌I型菌毛是鸡大肠杆菌病的重要致病因子。本文对其生物学特性、在感染中的作用、分子生物学等8个不同方面的研究进展做了综述。     

草业科学专业本科生科研能力培养途径探索

从草业科学专业本科生科研能力现状出发,结合学校实际,对本科生科研能力培养途径进行了探索,阐释了本科生科研能力培养的必要性,分析了本科生科研训练、本科生导师制、科研助理、自选试验探究学习和毕业论文实习对本科生科研能力培养的效果,并就存在问题提出了解决对策。旨在提升本科生科研能力,为培养草业科学专业高素质人才提供保障。     

中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望

从 194 9年以来 ,中国牧草新品种选育已取得很大成就 ,到 2 0 0 0年底 ,经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草新品种共计 90个。其中包括沙打旺、苦荬菜早熟品种 ,杂花苜蓿、红豆草抗寒品种 ,苜蓿抗霜霉病、柱花草抗炭疽病品种 ,苜蓿耐盐品种、耐牧根蘖型品种 ,白三叶抗旱耐热品种 ,小黑麦、多花黑麦草多倍体品种 ,青贮玉米、青贮高粱杂种一代品种 ,高粱与苏丹草杂交种等新品种。存在问题主要是育成品种数量少 ,不能满足生产多方面的需要 ;育种技术和方法有待进一步提高 ;良种繁育体系不健全 ,新品种扩繁缓慢 ,推广面积较小。展望 2 1世纪 ,我国牧草育种应从高产、优质、抗病虫和抗逆性几方面努力 ,培育出更多更好的新品种。建立和完善牧草种质资源保护体系、牧草育种体系和良种繁育体系 ,以加速我国牧草种子产业的发展     

Veterinary cancer registries in companion animal cancer: a review

Current and prior veterinary cancer registries are few in number and scattered. Different inclusion criteria, dissimilar collection methods and variable reference population estimation methods pose obstacles in the comparisons between veterinary and human cancer registries. Veterinary cancer registries have yielded information on the risk and incidence of different cancer types in certain breeds and geographical regions, as well as provided information on genetic and environmental risk factors in some cancers. The objective of this article is to review the prior and current veterinary cancer registries, the information they have contributed and to discuss different issues relating to their structure including inclusion criteria, study populations, reference populations utilized in evaluations, recorded variables and the outcome from these.     

哺乳动物嵌合体制作及分析进展

嵌合体技术对研究哺乳动物早期胚胎的发育,探索细胞分化规律,掌握基因的表达调控规律,建立遗传疾病动物模型等具有重要意义。本文分别就近几年来嵌合体动物的制作方法及分析手段作一简要概述。     

《中国畜牧兽医》发展现状与展望

《中国畜牧兽医》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所主办的全国性技术类期刊，其前身是创刊于1974年的《国外畜牧科技》，是我国畜牧兽医工作者的重要交流平台。作者简要回顾了《中国畜牧兽医》的发展历程，着重分析了期刊的影响力现状，并对刊物的发展及未来的方向进行了论述。     

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术研究进展

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术是从以动物脂肪细胞膜分离得到的膜蛋白作为抗原,通过被动免疫或主动免疫来破坏脂肪细胞,使脂肪组织中的细胞数量减少,限制其贮存脂肪的能力,从而达到调控动物生长和降低动物脂肪的目的。本文将对脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体的制备、作用机制及在动物上的使用效果进行阐述,并对此技术尚需解决的问题和发展方向进行综述。