Washington Update

Opportunities and change continue to occur at an accelerating rate. The exotic Newcastle disease (END) crisis in the traditional commercial industry led to a related problem for game bird producers due to confusion in defining a game bird, which is also a commercial venture. Time spent planning rather than reacting to situations is often a luxury but must be moved to a higher priority. One example is the Triennial Extension Workshop, which is proposed to become a biennial event. We continue to develop and implement innovative programs based on relevance to animal agriculture and societal requirements. As a team, we have achieved an excellent synergy and impressive results through our cooperation and networking. A special award is provided to an extension person each year to ensure contributions are recognized that might otherwise be overlooked. The Texture Technologies Corporation Support Personnel Award is new this year and recognizes the essential contributions of farm, laboratory, and other personnel. Also, the American Poultry Historical Society (APHS) continues to recognize career contributions to the poultry system through the Hall of Fame. As always, anyone wishing to be part of program planning and development is welcome. If you are not called, take the initiative and volunteer.     

贵南县乡镇农业技术推广体系存在的问题及其对策建议

乡镇农业技术推广体系是实施科技兴农战略的重要力量,乡镇农业技术推广人员对于提高农民科学文化整体素质起到重要作用。笔者通过对贵南县乡镇农业技术推广现状分析,指出乡镇农业技术推广工作存在着基础设施条件差、推广经费不足、管理体制不顺、推广工作难度大、专业技术人员少、业务素质不高、农技人员待遇低等突出问题,并结合实际,有针对性地提出了搞好乡镇农业技术推广工作的对策建议。     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的研究与评价

根据非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）K205R基因序列设计合成引物及TaqMan探针,通过优化引物浓度、退火温度和Mg²⁺浓度,建立基于K205R基因的ASFV实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR）检测方法。对在猪肝脏组织DNA中掺入重组质粒制备的模拟样品进行扩增来确定所建方法的实际检测效率,并将OIE推荐的基于p72的qPCR调整后作为评价该方法检测效果的对照。试验结果表明,基于K205R基因的检测方法在检测模拟样品时扩增效率要优于基于p72的方法,而且敏感性和特异性强,适用于非洲猪瘟的快速检测、监测。     

家蚕平附种母蛾微粒子病集团抽样检验方法改进研究

以超几何分布和二项分布为基本数学模型,综合现行家蚕母蛾微粒子病集团检验方法的优点,结合广西蚕种生产实际,以集团为单位,设计形成适合平附种的计数二次抽样检验方法。分别从理论和实际两个方面对新方案进行了比较分析。结果表明新方案解决了现行方法有毒集团与有毒蛾数不对等的问题,改进了农业行业标准散卯种方法过于严格,生产方风险过大的问题,改进了农业行业标准平附种方法过于宽松,使用方风险失控的问题,同时检验结果准确,检验工作量少,具有较高的准确性和较好的经济性。     

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.     

脂质代谢组学的研究进展

脂质是动物体内重要的生物大分子之一,具有多种重要生物学功能。脂质代谢组学是新兴起的一门研究脂质代谢调控在各种生命现象中作用机制的新学科。它通过从系统水平上研究生物体内的脂质,揭示脂质分子及与其他生物分子间的相互作用。脂质代谢组学在营养学、功能基因组学等相关学科中的应用已有许多报道。本文主要介绍了脂质的分类与代谢、脂质代谢组学的概念、研究方法、研究现状及其应用研究进展等。     

动物基因定位的发展及其DNA标记技术研究进展

动物基因定位技术发展迅速,已在世界发达国家动物繁育领域得到了应用。本文介绍了动物基因定位技术发展的现状,以及动物基因定位标记的DNA技术,开创了动物基因定位和改良的新领域。研究动物的遗传结构和控制机制,揭示遗传结构和功能的内在联系。为动物定向培育的进一步发展提供参考。     

水貂阿留申病的历史回顾及最新研究概述

水貂阿留申病是阻碍养貂业发展的世界性攻关病害。自人们发现该病至今已有５０余年的历史,尽管国内外有关专家学者,从没间断过对该病的研究,但始终没能攻克该病的免疫防制问题;值得庆幸的是,在国家科委和农业部畜牧兽医司等部门的大力资助下,我们对阿留申病的免疫原性和免疫机制进行了较系统深入的研究,并研制出了阿留申病灭活疫苗,现已在多个大型貂场进行小试。该文对阿留申病的病史和危害,以及最新研究进展和重大技术突破进行了较全面系统的论述。     

cDNA文库构建方法的研究进展

cDNA文库的构建是一种重要的基因克隆的手段,主要用于新基因的发现及基因功能的研究。作者主要介绍cDNA文库的构建方法及cDNA文库的一些实际应用,为研究cDNA文库的构建提供一些有价值参考意见。