中药雪胆及其制剂研究进展

雪胆具有广泛的药用及经济价值,为综合开发利用雪胆资源,文章对雪胆的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用、制剂研制及质量控制等进行了综述,并对雪胆的研究及实际应用提出了某些建议。     

Washington Update

Opportunities and change continue to occur at an accelerating rate. The exotic Newcastle disease (END) crisis in the traditional commercial industry led to a related problem for game bird producers due to confusion in defining a game bird, which is also a commercial venture. Time spent planning rather than reacting to situations is often a luxury but must be moved to a higher priority. One example is the Triennial Extension Workshop, which is proposed to become a biennial event. We continue to develop and implement innovative programs based on relevance to animal agriculture and societal requirements. As a team, we have achieved an excellent synergy and impressive results through our cooperation and networking. A special award is provided to an extension person each year to ensure contributions are recognized that might otherwise be overlooked. The Texture Technologies Corporation Support Personnel Award is new this year and recognizes the essential contributions of farm, laboratory, and other personnel. Also, the American Poultry Historical Society (APHS) continues to recognize career contributions to the poultry system through the Hall of Fame. As always, anyone wishing to be part of program planning and development is welcome. If you are not called, take the initiative and volunteer.     

海北州草业可持续发展调研

本文通过对海北州草业发展现状的调研,进一步分析了当前草业发展存在的问题和困难,提出了今后发展草业的思路和建议。     

Assessing Knowledge Production for Agrosilvopastoral Systems in South America

In recent decades agroforestry has undergone significant development in Latin America. South America generates the most scientific research on the topic in the region. We conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of knowledge production for South American agroforestry that includes livestock grazing, known as agrosilvopastoralism (AS), examining how different sociopolitical factors such as sources of funding, institutional priorities, and international cooperation can bias the direction and objectives of scientific research. We assessed the major attributes of scientific publications on the topic (25 articles per country; overall n = 210) and the potential factors underlying the processes of research and development in the region. The tree component was the most studied, while the livestock component received less attention. Studies were mainly focused on the production of goods and services (monetary or nonmonetary approaches), except in Brazil, where conservation was the major study objective. Stakeholders were involved in more than half of the studies (60%), and they were mostly ranchers and local producers. More than half (70%) of the studies offered recommendations based on their results, and such recommendations were mostly concerned with the management of agrosilvopastoral system components. In general, studies were led just as often by local as foreign first authors and coauthored by more than three people as part of interinstitutional working groups. Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile had more frequent cooperation among institutions and countries but mainly used their own funding. In contrast, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru had almost 100% of their studies supported by foreign countries (North America and Europe). Countries with greater internal funding of research generated more long-term studies. Besides this, two clear trends were detected: 1) conservation and social aspects were mainly supported by sources from external countries led by foreign principal investigators, and 2) production issues were supported from sources within countries and supported high levels of cooperation among institutions.     

研究型学院本科毕业论文工作改革研究

本科毕业论文工作是研究型学院发展研究型教学的重要组成部分,是培养本科生自主学习能力和创新能力的重要途径。根据研究型学院教学改革思路和毕业论文工作中存在的问题对研究型学院本科毕业论文进行了改革研究。     

寄生虫细胞因子免疫的研究进展（一）

寄生虫在入侵机体时必须具备逃避机体免疫,破坏宿主免疫屏障才能感染,这种入侵过程必然和宿主机体的免疫系统发生联系,不但使宿主的先天免疫细胞功能缺失,而且获得性免疫也受到抑制。寄生虫感染均不同程度地伴随免疫损伤,宿主在感染寄生虫后产生的免疫应答中,细胞因子作为免疫过程中的介质起到关键作用,主要是调节机体细胞免疫抗虫,保护机体不被感染,其中巨噬细胞是主要功能的承担者。本文将阐述细胞因子在寄生虫感染过程中所发挥的免疫作用,为解决寄生虫感染的防控问题奠定基础,同时为寄生虫的研究提供新的思路。     

厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中痕量杂质N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸残留方法学研究

采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸(NMBA)的测定方法。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC○RHSS T3色谱柱进行分离,以0.005 mol/L甲酸铵(用甲酸调pH值至3.0)为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B,梯度洗脱,质谱检测器,流速为0.3 mL/min。结果显示NMBA的线性范围为0.156 6~3.132 6 ng/mL,相关系数r>0.99,方法检出限浓度为0.047 0 ng/mL(相当于样品浓度0.01μg/g),定量限浓度为0.156 6 ng/mL(相当于样品浓度0.03μg/g),样品加标回收率在80%~130%。说明该方法可以快速、简便、灵敏、准确地测定厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中NMBA含量。     

近期反刍动物营养与饲料研究述评

作者在比较近期国内外反刍动物营养与饲料研究侧重点的基础上，综述分析了热点研究项目的结果，并指出国内在进行同类研究时应注意的问题。本文对国内反刍动物营养学研究了及饲养实践均具有一定的参考价值。     

贵南县乡镇农业技术推广体系存在的问题及其对策建议

乡镇农业技术推广体系是实施科技兴农战略的重要力量,乡镇农业技术推广人员对于提高农民科学文化整体素质起到重要作用。笔者通过对贵南县乡镇农业技术推广现状分析,指出乡镇农业技术推广工作存在着基础设施条件差、推广经费不足、管理体制不顺、推广工作难度大、专业技术人员少、业务素质不高、农技人员待遇低等突出问题,并结合实际,有针对性地提出了搞好乡镇农业技术推广工作的对策建议。